Question


A contractual vertical marketing system refers to an arrangement whereby
A. privately owned distributors and retailers integrate their efforts, on a contractual basis, to obtain greater functional economies and marketing impact than they could achieve alone.
B. independent production and distribution firms integrate their efforts, on a contractual basis, to obtain greater functional economies and marketing impact than they could achieve alone.
C. a manufacturer offers a limited number of franchise licenses to restrict the number of franchisees within a given geographical region.
D. a firm reaches different buyers by employing two or more different types of channels for the same basic product.
E. a firm formally designates by contract one channel member - whether producer, wholesaler, or retailer - to coordinate, direct, and support all other channel members.

Answer

This answer is hidden. It contains 56 characters.