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Question
After 1970, the American criminal justice system was characterized by which of the following?A) a decrease in the average length of sentences served by prisoners
B) the elimination of the death penalty in almost all states
C) a dramatic increase in the prison population
D) the phasing out of mandatory sentencing
Answer
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Related questions
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How did the role of the United States in global affairs change in the beginning of the twenty-first century?
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According to the text, what can we "learn" from history?
A) the ability to predict the course of human events
B) insight into underlying forces that generate historical change
C) that the past is truly the past and the future is uncertain and unpredictable
D) how to tell when and where a major conflict will arise
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Why did gang violence remain a persistent problem in the new millennium?
A) Increased access to narcotics strengthened gangs' role in the drug trade.
B) Repressive state and city governments gave urban youth no other choice but to turn to crime.
C) Millennials tend to have lower moral standards and apprehensions than boomers.
D) Lack of job opportunities and the decline of cities made gangs attractive to youth in the new millennium.
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What did the Supreme Court rule in Citizen United in 2010?
A) Candidates' campaigns could spend as freely as they wished.
B) Candidates' campaigns could receive as much money as they wished from anyone.
C) Corporations enjoyed "free speech" and could spend as much on political campaigning as they wished.
D) The traditional political institution of the "Super PAC" was unconstitutional.
Q:
Regarding an international agreement to curb greenhouse gasses, President Obama __________.
A) withdrew support for such an arrangement because he worried about the effect of new regulations on a struggling U.S. economy
B) ardently fought for passage of such an arrangement hoping it would promote the use of alternative energy.
C) passionately believed that a faltering economy should not impact the passage of such an agreement
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What was a main Republican criticism of Obama's immigration reform plan?
A) It did not include a "pathway to citizenship."
B) It was too detailed and specific.
C) It ignored the desires of the Hispanic electorate.
D) It did not provide for adequate border policing and would encourage illegal immigration.
Q:
What was President Obama's biggest legislative victory during his first term?
A) immigration reform
B) health care reform
C) government oversight of the banking industry
D) the removal of all combat troops from Iraq
Q:
What event pushed the 2008 presidential campaign out of the headlines just as things were heating up?
A) the escalating violence in Iraq
B) a North Korean missile attack on South Korea
C) increasing evidence of Iranian nuclear capabilities
D) a meltdown in the U.S. financial system
Q:
Who was the first woman to ever hold the position of Speaker of the House of Representatives?
A) Geraldine Ferraro
B) Olympia Snowe
C) Jeanette Rankin
D) Nancy Pelosi
Q:
As the Iraqi insurgency intensified in 2004, __________.
A) the differences between the Iraqi factions threatened to fracture the country into separate nations
B) Shiites boycotted the election of the National Assembly and threatened to fracture Iraq
C) the new Iraqi constitution managed to guarantee individual liberty in an Islamic framework
D) U.S. public opinion continued to be united behind President Bush's policy
Q:
In addition to the attack on the World Trade Center, the al-Qaeda terrorist network of Osama bin Laden was linked to which of the following?
A) the bombing of a Pan American airliner over Lockerbie, Scotland
B) the attack on the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro
C) the bombings of U.S. embassies in East Africa
D) the destruction of a West German club frequented by American soldiers
Q:
What problems will the nation face with the aging of the baby boomers?
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What impact did the law and order movement have on Americans in the 1980s and 1990s?
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Which of the following set boomers apart from millennials, according to a 2008 Pew poll?
A) church membership
B) college education
C) social networking presence
D) sexual orientation
Q:
What is the life span of the average American born in the year 2000?
A) 85
B) 77
C) 67
D) 50
Q:
Which of the following was a reason for the postwar demographic change that resulted in the "rise of the suburbs"?
A) the federal government's commitment to reduced spending
B) cheap home mortgages under the G.I. Bill of 1946
C) approval of loans by the Federal Housing Authority in older residential areas
D) expensive housing built especially for veterans
Q:
The Supreme Court's decision in Furman __________.
A) legalized capital punishment
B) found that juries needed more input in capital punishment decisions
C) found jury-imposed capital punishment racially biased and therefore unconstitutional
D) legalized capital punishment as long as juries had discretion
Q:
How can the "don"t ask don"t tell" policy of the Clinton administration best be described?
A) as a political compromise that improved the situation for gays in the military
B) as a political defeat that made life in the military for gays and lesbians harder
C) as a conservative triumph that prevented the military from having to deal with homosexuality
D) as an attempt to discourage women in the workplace from filing public complaints about sexual harassment.
Q:
What was the response of President George W. Bush to same-sex marriage?
A) He was generally opposed, but steered away from the topic.
B) He supported civil unions but not marriage of same-sex couples.
C) He opposed it and even proposed a constitutional amendment to prohibit it.
D) He generally supported it, but refused to assist the cause in any way.
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Which of the following best assesses the political response to the AIDS crisis in the 1980s?
A) Only the Clinton administration would publicly acknowledge the AIDS crisis in 1993.
B) Democrats vigorously campaigned on the AIDS issue in the 1984 presidential election.
C) Ronald Regan only began to recognize the public health crisis of AIDS after it killed a friend of his.
D) Before the federal government responded to the AIDS crisis, state governments had already initiated their own research efforts.
Q:
How did Republican presidential nominee Patrick Buchanan describe immigration in 1992?
A) as a valued American tradition
B) as an expression of ambition and family values
C) as the greatest invasion the nation had ever witnessed
D) as the flipside of a much larger process of globalization
Q:
In response to the new waves of immigrants, in 1986 Congress __________.
A) realized that poverty in the immigrants' homelands drove them to flee to the United States and greatly increased foreign aid and economic development to those countries
B) insisted that all new immigrants prove they were financially independent
C) offered amnesty to long-term illegal immigrants and penalized employers who hired illegal immigrants in the future
D) denied federal benefits to illegal immigrants and their children, even if their children were born in the United States and were citizens
Q:
How did Ronald Reagan intend to remedy the nation's economic troubles and how did the Reagan Revolution actually change the economy?
Q:
The distinction between "treaty Indians" and "nontreaty Indians" __________.
A) carried special weight in the Southwest
B) was easily enforced by the army
C) was based on possession of horses
D) shifted almost from day to day
Q:
One of the worst massacres committed by white troops in the Indian Wars occurred in 1864 at __________.
A) Medicine Lodge
B) Sand Creek
C) Fort Sully
D) Horse Creek
Q:
Which of the following statements about U.S. native treaties is true?
A) The U.S. government generally had little interest in honoring them..
B) Due to their lack of written culture, native tribes rarely kept track of their treaty obligations.
C) Savvy about the legal process, native tribes frequently secured U.S. treaty obligations in court.
D) Treaties gave both the United States and native tribes dependable rules, but they reminded both that they still did not live together as one nation.
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What larger factors explain the end of Reconstruction?
Q:
Assess Northern white attitudes toward the process of Reconstruction.
Q:
Why did President Abraham Lincoln offer such lenient terms for the reconstruction of the South?