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Question
Anthropologist Clifford Geertz defined culture as ideas based on cultural learning and symbols. For anthropologist Leslie White, culture originated when our ancestors acquired the ability to use symbols. What is a symbol? It is
A. a distinctive or unique cultural trait, pattern, or integration that can be translated into other cultures.
B. any element within a culture that distinguishes it from other cultures, precisely because it is difficult to translate.
C. something verbal or nonverbal, within a particular language or culture, that comes to stand for something else, with no necessary or natural connection to the thing for which it stands.
D. a linguistic sign within a particular language that comes to stand for something else in another language.
E. something verbal or nonverbal with a nonarbitrary association with what it symbolizes.
Answer
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Related questions
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A. is characterized by the immediate return of the object exchanged.
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A. generalized exchange
B. the market principle
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What happens as one moves along the cultivation continuum?
A. Ceremonies and rituals become less formal.
B. More time for leisurely pursuits becomes available.
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A. suggest hypothetical correlationsthat is, a causal relation between two or more variables, such as economic and cultural variables.
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Support or refute this statement: By rejecting the race concept, anthropologists are ignoring obvious human biological variation.
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A plural society is the opposite of a society that forces groups to assimilate.
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There is much greater variation within each of the traditional races than between them.
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Biological races have been scientifically discredited not just among humans but also among all living species.
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Human biological differences are evident only to individuals who wrongfully sustain the validity of human races.
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There is no difference between the biological and cultural definitions of race.
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When an ethnic identity is flexible and situational, it can become an achieved status.
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A. Ethnic pride in the Basque people is now diminished.
B. Basque parents, ashamed of their ethnicity, are refusing to teach their children their language, opting for their full immersion in schools that teach in the national language.
C. Speaking Basque became taboo among the Basque people.
D. Strong nationalist sentiment and Basque terrorist groups were created in the Basque region.
E. Basque is now an extinct language.
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A. the breakup of imaginary communes
B. the creation of refugeespeople who have been forced or have chosen to flee a country, to escape persecution or war
C. state-mandated forced assimilation
D. the creation of class consciousness
E. gender stratification
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A. pluralism
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A. are defined by their lack of ethnic identity.
B. are ethnically homogeneous.
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Which of the following statements about the concept of race in Brazil is NOT true?
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In 1998, the American Anthropological Association issued a statement on race. This statement makes all of the following points EXCEPT that
A. there is greater variation within racial groups than between them.
B. although the continued sharing of genetic materials has maintained all of humankind as a single species, some scientists suggest that current racial divisions in society that keep certain groups from interbreeding might lead to a true separate species.
C. physical variations in any given trait tend to occur gradually rather than abruptly over geographic areas.
D. physical variations in the human species have no meanings beyond the social ones that humans put on them.
E. race evolved as a worldview, a body of prejudgments that distorts our ideas about human differences and group behavior.
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Which of the following is a reason why dark skin color is adaptive?
A. dietary adaptation
B. admission of UV rays
C. reducing the frequency of rickets
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E. malarial resistance