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Question
Anthropology has always been concerned with how environmental forces influence humans, and how human activities affect the biosphere and the earth itself. The 1950s through the 1970s witnessed the emergence of an area of study known as cultural ecology or ecological anthropology. This field
A. focused on how cultural beliefs and practices help human populations adapt to their environment.
B. studied etic perspectives on human-environment relationships.
C. is no longer relevant, because it dealt with research models that were either regional or local, but not global enough to account for the changes caused by climate change.
D. has limited present value, because it is not scientifically rigorous enough to address environmental problems.
E. studied human-environment relations as cultural constructions and analyzed them as texts.
Answer
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Related questions
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A. differences between more and less developed countries in their urban life
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A. greater socioeconomic stratification
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C. cultural assimilation
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A. anthropologists promoting the study of their field among university undergraduates
B. anthropologists practicing participant observation and taking photographs of ritualistic behavior
C. Robert Redfields work on the contrasts between urban and rural communities
D. anthropologists collaborating with nongovernmental organizations in the 1980s
E. anthropologists aiding colonial expansion by providing ethnographic information to colonists
Q:
Why is ethnography one of the most valuable and distinctive tools of the applied anthropologist?
A. It is valuable insiders data that can be routinely sold to multinational corporations and state agencies without the consent of the people studied.
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C. It produces a statistically unbiased summary of human response to set stimuli.
D. It is among the most economical and time-efficient tools that exist in the social sciences.
E. It can be produced without leaving the comfort of the anthropologists office.
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D. a lack of leadership in the American Anthropological Association.
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A. All myths can be classified as either good or evil.
B. The human propensity to classify phenomena in certain ways is acquired through enculturation.
C. There is a very specific role for human agency in culture, and the structure of cultural patterns determines that role.
D. Cultural patterns determine the human propensity to classify things in certain ways.
E. Human minds have certain universal characteristics that originate in common features of the Homo sapiens brain and lead people everywhere to think similarly regardless of their society or cultural background.
Q:
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A. a strong sense of determinism, leaving very little (if any) room for the exercise of individual human agency
B. a well-founded suspicion in the claims of science
C. an embrace of reflexive anthropology
D. a sense of moral duty to help the people they studied to accelerate their path to civilization
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Radcliffe-Brown advocated that social anthropology be a synchronic rather than a diachronic science; that is, a study
A. of culture in motion (synchronic) rather than as a static entity (diachronic).
B. that compares cultural traits within the same society and not across societies.
C. of societies across time (synchronic) rather than across space (diachronic).
D. of societies as they exist today (synchronic, one at a time) rather than across time (diachronic).
E. of societies as made up of individuals, not as a sum greater than its parts.
Q:
The view that each element of culture, such as the culture trait or trait complex, has its own distinctive history, and that social forms (such as totemism in different societies) that might look similar are not comparable because of their different histories, is known as
A. historical particularism.
B. cultural generalism.
C. the Boasian approach.
D. structural functionalism.
E. comparative functionalism.
Q:
This chapters survey of the major theoretical perspectives that have characterized anthropology highlights all of the following EXCEPT
A. a continuous concern with how to define and study culture.
B. the theoretical and methodological shift from complexity to models that simplify human diversity.
C. a continuous concern with scientific fundamentals and whether or not anthropologys research subject is best studied scientifically.
D. attention to whether or not anthropological data ought to be comparative across time and space.
E. the disciplines profound commitment to understanding human diversity.
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Independent invention occurs when two or more cultures independently come up with similar solutions to a common problem.
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Diffusion plays an important role in spreading cultural traits around the world.
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Anthropology is characterized by a methodological rather than moral relativism; in order to understand another culture fully, anthropologists try to understand its members beliefs and motivations.