Question

As a barrier to new entry, absolute cost advantages can be based on
a) continuous advertising of brand and company names.
b) high product quality, service-oriented innovations, and good after-sales service.
c) cost reductions that arise from the mass production of standardized output.
d) the unique ability of established companies to spread fixed costs over a large volume.
e) control over low-cost inputs required for production, be they labor, materials, equipment, or management skills.

Answer

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