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Question
At a large university, a group of education specialists tested the effectiveness of a new academic improvement course. Students seeking help at the university counseling center because of academic difficulties were asked to participate in this 4-week program. Only students who were judged to be deficient in reading comprehension and other study-related skills were chosen for the program. Students who sought help at the counseling center for emotional difficulties were included in the study as a comparison group. These students received the usual treatment offered at the counseling center. A group of 30 students completed the academic-improvement program at the counseling center. Average test grades from the students' courses for the two groups were compared before (midterm exams) and after (final exams) the program. Analyses revealed that a statistically significant majority of the students were doing better in school after completing the academic-improvement program than before.
Answer
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Related questions
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Q:
Suppose the following data were observed for an individual who sought treatment for kleptomania. Using a single-case experiment, the psychologist used "covert sensitization" to treat the stealing behavior across a number of different situations (e.g., stealing at the grocery store, drug store, discount store). Covert sensitization was applied systematically to each situation. The psychologist concluded that the treatment was very effective for reducing kleptomania.
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Q:
(p. 292-294, 297) Identify a methodological problem specific to the ABAB design and a methodological problem specific to the multiple-baseline designs.
Q:
(p. 290, 297-299) Describe an advantage and a disadvantage of single-case experimental designs relative to multiple-groups designs.
Q:
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Q:
(p. 244-245, 247) A researcher examined whether interrogators who expect a suspect to be guilty, rather than innocent, use more persuasive interrogation techniques. The researcher created a laboratory situation in which students were randomly assigned to actually commit a crime or not commit a crime by following a set of instructions given to them. This is referred to as "Suspect Status." Before student interrogators interviewed a suspect, they were randomly assigned to conditions that led them to believe the suspect was guilty or innocent of the crime. This is referred to as "Interrogator Expectation." Independent observers rated the effort used by interrogators to obtain a confession using a 1-10 rating scale (higher scores indicate greater effort). Suppose the researcher observed the following means for each group:
Q:
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Q:
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Q:
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B. unaffected.
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