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Question
Compare and contrast Piagets and Vygotskys theories of cognitive development. With which theory do you most identify? Why? List three applications of your preferred theory for your own teaching practice.
Answer
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C. mathematics
D. both problem solving and conceptual grouping
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Full-service or 21st-century community schools are based in part on the theories of:
A. Sigmund Freud
B. B. F. Skinner
C. Lewis Terman
D. John Dewey
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Which of the following teachers is not likely to be successful working with high-risk students?
A. Mr. Richards, who makes sure to take student input into account when developing classroom policies
B. Ms. Swedloff, who is careful not to place the same high expectations on her high-risk students as on her students from stable and supportive environments
C. Mrs. Bonilla, who designs lessons to appeal to the diverse interests and abilities of her students
D. All of these teachers are likely to have positive outcomes.
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Resilient children tend to possess all of the following characteristics except:
A. an easygoing, adaptable dispositions.
B. a desire to complete all tasks without the help of peers or adults.
C. confidence in their ability to succeed.
D. good problem-solving skills.
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Mr. Gower focuses on the following instructional methods in his teaching: scaffolding, mastery learning, direct instruction, and learning centers. Gowers teaching activities would be classified as primarily:
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B. self-directed.
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In studies of teacher attitudes toward included students, researchers have found four attitudinal categories. Which category describes students who receive a larger share of positive interactions than their classmates, and who are pushed by their teachers to do their best?
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B. concern
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In Maccoby and Martins (1983) model of parenting styles, a permissive-indulgent parent is one who is ______ on control and ______ on responsiveness.
A. high/low
B. low/high
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Eleanor is the type of parent who sets rules, disciplines harshly, and expects her children to follow the rules. She demonstrates little warmth with her children. Eleanors style would best be described as:
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B. authoritative.
C. permissive-indulgent.
D. permissive-indifferent.
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Bradley attempts to influence his childrens behavior by using commands and imperatives. He is often found to be saying, because I said so. Which discipline technique best describes Bradleys style?
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B. corporal punishment
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The school to which you have been assigned is primarily Hispanic in composition. You can expect that the majority of Hispanic students will be of ______ origin.
A. Puerto Rican
B. Mexican
C. South American
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Which of the following statements regarding teenage pregnancy and parenthood is false?
A. Over the last several years, the teenage pregnancy rates in the U.S. have been declining.
B. Factors thought to contribute to the likelihood of a teenage girl becoming a mother are more common among African Americans and Hispanic Americans.
C. Programs that provide child care and parenting classes for teenage parents have not shown much promise.
D. Developmental and cognitive delays are more common among children of younger mothers.
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Carol Gilligans contribution to the study of moral development is:
A. pointing out that Kohlbergs scheme of measuring moral development may be biased against women.
B. suggesting that moral decisions can be based on an ethic of care as well as an ethic of justice.
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Sociodramatic play is an important arena for the development of friendships between the ages of:
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B. 6 and 10.
C. 10 and 14.
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Behavior that is intentionally aimed at harming or injuring another person is called:
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B. prosocial behavior.
C. empathy.
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Mr. Selma teams up the children in his multicultural classroom to explore similarities and differences in their families. He also encourages visitors from different ethnic groups to visit his class so that his students can see positive images of various ethnic groups. Based on the educational implications of ethnic perspective taking presented in the text, what age group do you think Mr. Selma teaches?
A. late adolescence
B. early adolescence
C. middle childhood
D. early childhood
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At what age does the typical child first grasp the social implications of ethnicity?
A. 4-6
B. 6-10
C. 10-14
D. 14-16
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The term social cognition is used to describe:
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B. childrens understanding of others thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
C. a childs social network.
D. childrens beliefs about whether or not they can accomplish a goal.
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For the age group you are planning to teach, describe typical emotional development. What does emotional competence mean? How can you, as a teacher, foster emotional competence in your students?
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As a future teacher, you have made a commitment to help your students connect what they are learning to their lives outside of school. You plan to link your materials to experiences that are familiar to your students. You also hope to help your students see the value of what they are learning for other subjects and real-life problems. Which aspect of motivation are you attempting to impact?
A. providing motivating learning activities
B. promoting positive feelings of competency and efficacy
C. emphasizing the intrinsic value of learning
D. providing opportunities for peer collaboration
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The term ______ is used to describe childrens knowledge of gender.
A. gender constancy
B. gender schema
C. gender-role conceptions
D. androgyny
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Psychologists use the term ______ to describe the ability of the young brain to change and adapt.
A. habituation
B. lateralization
C. hemispheric specialization
D. plasticity
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As a teacher in a predominantly African American school, you are more likely to encounter a student who has which genetic disorder?
A. Tay-Sachs disease
B. phenylketonuria
C. muscular dystrophy
D. sickle-cell anemia
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Which of the following statements regarding prenatal development is false?
A. It covers the period from conception to birth.
B. It follows a universal pattern.
C. It is directed mainly by environmental influences.
D. It is divided into three major stages.
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Which of the following statements regarding ethical guidelines for research involving children and adults is false?
A. Researchers are required to keep all information confidential, even if they obtain information that threatens the childs well-being.
B. Every participant must be given the opportunity to see the results of the study.
C. Children in the control group have the right to receive the same treatment as the experimental group if it turns out that the experimental treatment has some beneficial outcome.
D. The perceived benefits of a study must outweigh its potential risks and costs in terms of time and effort.
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As a preschool teacher, when you are working with a child on a new skill you adjust your level of guidance and assistance based on the childs developing abilities. Your approach is most consistent with which theory of child development?
A. social learning theory
B. ecological theory
C. social-cultural theory
D. psychoanalytic theory
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The purpose of a developmental theory is to:
A. describe how children change as they age.
B. describe how different aspects of development are interrelated.
C. explain why development occurs in a particular direction.
D. all of these
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Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from Stiglers research on mathematics classrooms?
A. A focus on teaching methods is essential for improving education.
B. Teaching is a cultural activity.
C. There are no quick fixes for improving education.
D. all of these
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According to the text, adolescents spend about what percentage of their time in school?
A. 32
B. 27
C. 55
D. 41
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Which teacher is least likely to actively address students learning problems?
A. Alice, who believes that behavioral differences are innate
B. Bob, who thinks that learning problems are a result of poor parenting
C. Claire, who believes that behavioral differences are a direct result of growing up in different socioeconomic groups
D. David, who believes that learning problems stem from previous poor school experiences