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Question
Compare and contrast the environmental and cultural explanations used to explain the development of civilization. What are the central principles of each approach? How have these theories been applied to the development of civilization in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China?Answer
Will varyRelated questions
Q:
Early farming practices North Africa ensured that many areas remained productive for thousands of years.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Humans owe their success to biocultural evolution and primate ancestry.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is not associated with the development of food production?
a. Measles
b. Tuberculosis
c. Influenza
d. Low populations
e. Malnutrition
Q:
Our digestive systems are well adapted to being
a. hunter gatherers
b. pizza eaters
c. couch potatoes
d. farmers
e. scientists
Q:
At the global level, the biggest environmental problem we currently face concerns
a. multicropping different crops in a single agricultural plot
b. diseases attacking domesticated fowl and mammals
c. increasing population growth among developing countries
d. climate change
e. so-called "environmentally friendly" but destructive technological approaches to meeting food demands
Q:
By the year 1800, the Industrial Revolution was well under way and there were about __________persons per square mile; two centuries later there were __________persons per square mile.
a. 250; 500
b. 30; 10
c. 7; 24
d. 10; 1000
e. 18; 105
Q:
Bioarchaeological studies have shown that overall health quality
a. declined with the development of agriculture.
b. improved with the development of agriculture.
c. declined in great part due to the lack of mosquito control.
d. improved with the lifestyles related to domesticated animals.
e. among farmers was better than among hunter-gatherers.
Q:
What role did marine resource exploitation have in the emergence of political complexity in South America?
Q:
What is a state? What characteristics set it apart from other forms of social organization?
Q:
The Ubaid period represents the initial settlement of the Tigris and Euphrates floodplain.
Q:
The large temple complexes found at Sechin Alto and other related sites in Peru likely served as:
a. local "corporate" centers
b. local market centers
c. regional ceremonial and market centers
d. shrines for large numbers of local populations
e. education centers
Q:
Which Mesoamerican group filled the vacuum caused by the decline of Teotihuacn?
a. Inca
b. Toltecs
c. Aztecs
d. Maya
e. Olmec
Q:
Most of the content of most early Sumerian writing does not concern
a. administrative records
b. economic issues
c. legal accounts
d. mythic narratives
e. matters typical of complex bureaucratic societies
Q:
The ziggurat, is typically associated with which ancient civilization?
a. Sumerian
b. Egyptian
c. Qin dynasty
d. Indus Valley
e. Mayan
Q:
Which of the following best describes the nature of Sumerian political organization?
a. large, loosely organized confederations of allied cities
b. autonomous city-states with smaller satellite communities and associated cropland
c. a single empire based in Uruk city
d. two independent societies located along the Upper and Lower Euphrates
e. large urban centers and autonomous rural farming communities
Q:
Modern day Iraq is better known to archaeologists studying Old World civilizations as a part of the region of
a. India
b. China
c. Mesopotamia
d. Europe
e. Egypt
Q:
What common factor does Bruce Trigger propose all early civilizations share?
a. comparable periods of environmental change
b. the presence of increasingly limited access to information
c. the need to manage increasingly complex societies through political and administrative institutions
d. all early civilizations emerged in the same basic type of environment
e. less top-down management
Q:
Discuss the development of domestication in the Old World. What domesticates are developed, and what seem to be the underlying motivations for the shift from a hunting and gathering lifestyle to one based on food production?
Q:
What challenges are present in tracing Africa's Neolithic past?
Q:
What features define a cultural theory of domestication? Provide an example to illustrate your answer.
Q:
Discuss the differences between Homo erectus remains from East Africa and the Javanese and Chinese fossils.
Q:
Describe the attributes and important uses of the biface as part of the Acheulian tool kit.
Q:
3. Account for the evidence that suggests the Zhoukoudian was not a hominid habitation site?
Q:
List the differences between the cranium and brain size of Homo erectus and modern Homo sapiens.
Q:
It now appears likely that cultural traditions relating to stone tool technology were largely equivalent over the full geographical range of H. erectus and its contemporaries.
Q:
H. erectus was the first species with a cranial capacity approaching H. sapiens.
Q:
New evidence from Zhoukoudian cave has substantiated the long held notion that Homo erectus used controlled fire.
Q:
A nuchal torus refers to the projection of bone on the top of the cranium which is very common among Homo erectus.
Q:
All analyses have shown that Homo erectus hominins represent a different hominin than their more ancient African predecessors.
Q:
The Homo erectus site in Europe that has given paleoanthropologists a unique look at the first possible Homo erectus travelers from East Africa to Southeast Asia is
a. Zhoukoudian
b. Lantian
c. Ceprano
d. Nariokotome
e. Dmanisi