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Question
Deep structure, in a generative grammar, refers to the underlying grammar that allows people to produce sentences, while surface structure refers to the actual sentences that are produced in a language.True
False
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
Although the capacity for speech appears to be part of the human genetic makeup, most linguistic anthropologists now believe that children learn languages:
a. primarily in social and cultural settings.
b. primarily from listening to folktales.
c. primarily in school.
d. only by playing with other children.
Q:
The design feature of language that refers to the fact that you can talk about things that are not present is which of the following?
a. discreteness
b. displacement
c. productivity
d. duality of patterning
Q:
The design feature of language that refers to the fact that the units used for communication can be separated into distinct units that cannot be mistaken for one other is which of the following?
a. discreteness
b. displacement
c. productivity
d. broadcast transmission and directional reception
Q:
The design feature of language that refers to the fact that specific sound signals can be directly linked to specific meanings is:
a. specialization.
b. semanticity.
c. arbitrariness.
d. rapid fading.
Q:
Traditional transmission is a design feature of language that has only been observed in humans.
True
False
Q:
Broca's area, an area of the frontal region of the left cerebral hemisphere of the brain, and Wernicke's area, an area in the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere of the brain, appear to be to key areas of the brain in which language is processed.
True
False
Q:
The first evidence of the evolution of Broca's and Wernike's areas of the brain was found in the fossil remains of:
a. archaic Homo sapiens, 8,000 to 12,000 years ago.
b. Australopithicenes, 1.26 to 1.8 million years ago.
c. Neanderthals, 100,000 to 150,000 years ago.
d. Homo habilis, 1.8 to 2 million years ago.
Q:
The design feature "duality of patterning" refers to the human capacity to:
a. connect a large set of sounds to a small object (i.e. microorganism) and a small set of sounds to a large object (i.e. whale).
b. create ambiguous sentences with dual meanings based on syntactic patterns.
c. say one thing while intending to say another, indicating the second meaning with tone of voice.
d. create nearly infinite combinations of finite sets of language units.
Q:
Linguistic anthropologist Robbins Burling argues that some of the earliest instances of language use might have been:
a. generating calls, rather than comprehending them.
b. comprehending calls, rather than generating them.
c. closing calls, rather than opening them.
d. inventing folktales and tall tales.
Q:
According to the autonomous theory of literacy, it is through mastering the technology of literacy that one develops skepticism, abstractness, and critical thinking skills.
True
False
Q:
Knowing how to write
a. has been shown to have no effect on perception of language.
b. has very little political value in the 21st century.
c. is certainly key to developing abstract thought and skepticism.
d. may influence the way we think about language.
Q:
In a writing system, which of the following is a sign that helps to suggest related words that are pronounced differently?
a. phonetic indicator
b. phonetic determinative
c. semantic indicator
d. semantic determinative
Q:
Which of the following uses graphic signs to represent individual consonants and vowels?
a. alphabetic writing
b. logosyllabic writing
c. syllabic writing
d. ideographic writing
Q:
Which of the following uses combinations of logographic and syllabic signs?
a. logographic writing
b. alphabetic writing
c. logosyllabic writing
d. syllabic writing
Q:
The K of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to the mood or spirit in which communication takes place. This is called the:
a. key.
b. kinesics.
c. kiosk.
d. knowledge.
Q:
A group of people who share a single language variety and focus their identity around that language is called a:
a. linguistic community.
b. speech community.
c. community of practice.
d. competent community.
Q:
Bronislaw Malinowski was an anthropologist who wrote about the importance of attending to ______________ in the study of language.
a. denotation
b. context
c. form
d. morphology
Q:
The phrase "A language is more than its dictionary and grammar" means that:
a. social and cultural contexts affect the way language is used.
b. languages change too fast for dictionaries to keep up.
c. you need at least two dictionaries to learn another language thoroughly.
d. a good dictionary must include a thesaurus.
Q:
According to Hickey and Thompson, the invisible bubble that surrounds the modern cowboy is oversized by "typical" American standards.
True
False
Q:
Most _______________________ appear to mimic the syntax of the spoken language of the communities that use them.
a. complex gestural systems
b. sign languages
c. proxemic systems
d. kinesic systems
Q:
According to recent research by linguistic anthropologists, sign language:
a. is the origin of human language.
b. does not exhibit duality of patterning.
c. is based on written language.
d. are languages, just like spoken languages.
Q:
Gestures that control or coordinate interaction, such as indicating that it is someone else's turn to talk during conversation, are called:
a. emblems.
b. regulators.
c. illustrators.
d. adaptors.
Q:
Gestures with direct verbal translations, such as a wave goodbye, are called:
a. affect displays.
b. emblems.
c. regulators.
d. illustrators.
Q:
In the Comoro Islands, household space is often divided into areas separated by:
a. social class.
b. gender.
c. age.
d. race.
Q:
The term coined by anthropologist Ray Birdwhistell in the 1950s to describe the study of body movements is:
a. spaciology.
b. proxemics.
c. kinesics.
d. tweeting.
Q:
Grammatical categories in a language are helpful to anthropologists because of what those categories may reflect about the thought processes of those who use them.
True
False
Q:
The type of tree diagram associated with generative grammar is ideal fora. illustrating the contrasting meanings of an ambiguous sentence.b. helping students become proficient communicators in a new language.c. demonstrating beyond all doubt the existence of a Language Acquisition Device.d. supporting the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
Q:
Grammars designed to serve as models of "proper" speech are called:a. generative grammars.b. prescriptive grammars.c. descriptive grammars.d. polite grammars
Q:
How many English morphemes in the English word "firefighters?"
a. one
b. three
c. four
d. eleven
Q:
The units of analysis in phonetics are phonemes, and the units of analysis in phonemics are phones.
True
False