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Question
Describe how people in all societies maximize, and identify what they maximize. Determine if maximization is a cultural universal, and explain your answer.
Answer
Answers will vary.
Related questions
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If an anthropologist is studying ethnic-religious conflict in contemporary Sri Lanka, s/he is most likely a(n)
A. cultural anthropologist.
B. linguistic anthropologist.
C. paleoanthropologist.
D. archaeological anthropologist.
E. biological anthropologist.
Q:
A scientist who studies the fossil record of human evolution is a(n)
A. paleoanthropologist.
B. archaeologist.
C. ethnologist.
D. treasure hunter.
E. primatologist.
Q:
Define an adaptive strategy. Identify the five adaptive strategies in Cohen's typology of societies. Discuss how Cohen links economy and social features.
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The term protolanguage refers to the limited communication systems of nonhuman primates.
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Studies investigating differences in the way men and women talk are examples of sociolinguistics.
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The term diglossia refers to linguistic groups that use only two basic color terms (black and white or dark and light).
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BEV is a distinct language.
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Define the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Analyze the extent to which the hypothesis is valid.
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A mutation in the ___________ has been found between humans and chimpanzees that is likely responsible for the human capability for speech.
A. FOXP2 gene
B. microcephalin gene
C. hyoid
D. lungs
E. tongue
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The Romance languages (e.g., French, Spanish) belong to the ________ language families.
A. Mixe-Zoque
B. Indo-European
C. North Caucasian
D. Dravidian
E. Austro-Asiatic
Q:
__________ argued that all human languages have a common structural basis and that all humans have similar linguistic abilities.
A. Edward Sapir
B. Benjamin Lee Whorf
C. William Labov
D. Noam Chomsky
E. Deborah Tannen
Q:
Berlin and Kay's (1969/1992) cross-linguistic study of color terminology revealed that
A. women tend to use fewer color terms and men tend to use more color terms.
B. color terminology was least developed in areas with a history of using dyes and artificial coloring.
C. all languages included sixteen basic color terms.
D. the languages of cultivators in Papua New Guinea and foragers in Australia had more basic color terms than did European and Asian languages.
E. there are only two basic color terms, black and white.
Q:
Linguistic displacement is the
A. ability to use the rules of language to produce entirely new expressions.
B. lexical difference between a protolanguage and a daughter language.
C. ability to respond to environmental stimuli.
D. linguistic dimension of culture shock.
E. ability to talk about things that are not present.
Q:
Traditionally, sociologists worked in large, industrial Western nations, while anthropologists focused on smaller, nonindustrial societies.
Q:
Good key cultural consultants generally end up recording most of the data needed to write an ethnography.
Q:
Anthropologists today realize that no culture is isolated and that the ethnographic present is an unrealistic concept.
Q:
The __________ researcher has traditionally studied small, non-Western populations.
A. ethnographer
B. sociologist
C. economist
D. palynologist
E. limnologist
Q:
Only people living in the industrialized, capitalist countries of Western Europe and the United States are ethnocentric.
Q:
Although culture is one of the principle means by which humans adapt to their environment, some cultural traits may threaten a group's survival.
Q:
Because cultures are integrated, patterned systems, a change in one part of a culture often leads to changes in other parts.
Q:
By definition, a symbol has an intrinsic and natural link to the thing it signifies.
Q:
__________ is unique to humans.
A. Social life
B. Tool use
C. Meat eating
D. Food sharing
E. Preserved kinship systems
Q:
Humans do not share such features as __________ with other primates.
A. opposable thumbs
B. enlarged brain-to-body ratio
C. depth perception
D. parental investment in offspring
E. habitual bipedalism
Q:
Anthropologists consider __________ to be "cultured."
A. educated people
B. key cultural consultants
C. ethnocentric people
D. culturally sensitive people
E. all people
Q:
Academic anthropology refers to the use of anthropological knowledge and methods to identify and solve social problems.
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Ethnography involves the collection of data that become the basis for an account of a particular community, society, or culture.
Q:
Mass media can play an important role in constructing and maintaining national and ethnic identities.
Q:
Many Arembepeiros began to resent their own local Saint Francis festival because
A. the festival does not receive the regional support that Carnival draws.
B. the festival has become an outsider's event, drawing thousands of tourists.
C. the festival does not get national television time.
D. other Brazilians look down on it as a backward festival.
E. the festival celebrates the Portuguese discovery of Brazil.
Q:
The village of Newtok in Alaska need to be moved because
A. the village is mobile because the residents are mobile foragers.
B. United States corporations want to develop the land.
C. it is sinking, flooding, and eroding due to climate change.
D. it has become a tourist location and the residents are tired of strangers in their village.
E. the residents have destroyed the land through intensive agriculture techniques.
Q:
__________ focuses on how cultural beliefs and practices helped human populations adapt to their environments.
A. Ethnobotanical anthropology
B. Applied anthropology
C. Conservation anthropology
D. Ecological anthropology
E. Paleoecology