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Question
Discuss Allen's and Bergmann's rules and how they affect human variation. Include the forces of evolution discussed in previous chapters to support your essay.Answer
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Related questions
Q:
Monogamous:
a. refers to a social group that is dominated by a single sex.
b. refers to a social group that includes an adult male, an adult female, and their offspring.
c. refers to primates that live exclusively as a nuclear family.
d. refers to a primate social group that includes an adult male and several adult females with their offspring.
Q:
Sexual dimorphism:
a. relates to sexual courtship rituals in primates.
b. is the study of sexual intercourse between primates.
c. tends to be lower than in groups where males disperse and compete with unrelated males.
d. determines male and female social hierarchy.
Q:
Diversity in primate societies means that:
a. primates express themselves socially through a wide range of behaviors.
b. primates encompass a variety of species with similar behaviors.
c. primates can be classified into particular species exhibiting one type of behavior.
d. primates are just as diverse in their behavior as are humans.
Q:
Discuss the anatomical differences between prosimians and anthropoids. How do these anatomical differences influence behavior and socialization among the respective primate groups?
Q:
Discuss the primate parental investment in terms of success in natural selection. What are the most important aspects of primate parenting and what is their value to socialization?
Q:
Describe the arboreal adaptation of primates and include specific anatomical characteristics.
Q:
Catarrhines' nostrils are:
a. far apart and face sideways.
b. close together and face downward.
c. large due to their heightened sense of smell.
d. wide and include a large nasal sinus.
Q:
The cladistic approach to primate classification is:
a. based on the use of anatomical and genetic evidence to establish ancestral lines.
b. based on personal observation of phenotypes only.
c. also called the gradistic method of classification.
d. based on levels of anatomical complexity, without consideration of ancestor-descendent relationships.
Q:
The rhinarium is present in:
a. baboons.
b. gorillas.
c. ring-tail lemurs.
d. howler monkeys.
Q:
You are reading a scientific paper regarding the relationships of the anatomical and behavioral characteristics of chimpanzees and their implications for early hominid evolution. You note that the authors refer to human ancestors as hominids. This implies that:
a. the researchers are relying on genetic classifications of chimpanzees and humans, as this is most appropriate for their research.
b. the researchers are relying on anatomical classifications of chimpanzees and humans, as this is most appropriate when looking at adaptation and anatomy.
c. the researchers are relying on genetic classification of chimpanzees and humans, hence their use of the term "hominid" to describe human ancestors.
d. both b. and c.
Q:
Arboreal adaptation is:
a. adaptation to life in the trees.
b. the ability to brachiate.
c. adaptation to life in the savannah.
d. the ability to move on four limbs.
Q:
The dental pattern of Old World higher primates is:
a. 2-1-2-3.
b. 2-1-3-3.
c. 2-2-2-3.
d. 2-2-3-3.
Q:
The maintenance of homeostasis:
a. involves all levels of any organism's biology.
b. involves the study of populations in their natural environments.
c. involves using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
d. involves the replication of environmental conditions and human responses to those conditions.
Q:
Stressors during the prenatal stage include:
a. a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits, and dairy products.
b. smoking, alcohol, and drugs.
c. heavy exercise like running and swimming.
d. lack of exercise.
Q:
Multiple biological traits:
a. do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications.
b. are race specific.
c. help with biological profiling.
d. do not exist in humans.
Q:
The prenatal stage in humans consists of:
a. trimesters.
b. the neonatal period through the end of lactation.
c. infancy, childhood, juvenile period, puberty, adolescence, and adulthood.
d. the neonatal period, infancy, juvenile period, puberty, and adolescence.
Q:
Discuss the obesity pandemic. Include current studies that demonstrate likely causes.
Q:
Is race a valid, biologically meaningful concept? Why or why not?
Q:
Rickets is the result of:
a. a lack of vitamin D.
b. a lack of melanin.
c. high UV exposure.
d. severe air pollution.
Q:
The postnatal stage of adolescence includes:
a. stability in physiology, behavior, and cognition.
b. decline in function of tissue and many organs.
c. eruption of dentition and increased brain growth.
d. development of secondary sex characteristics and interest in adult social, sexual, and economic behaviors.
Q:
Sexual dimorphism:
a. refers to the onset of puberty.
b. refers to the difference between male and female behavior.
c. refers to the development of male and female primary characteristics.
d. refers to the difference in physical attributes of males and females.
Q:
Explain how the founder effect can lead to a descendent population that differs greatly from its parent population over a relatively short period of time.
Q:
Why is the incidence of sickle-cell anemia an excellent example of a "balanced polymorphism," in which two or more alleles are maintained by natural selection in a population?
Q:
The vector for transmitting the malarial parasite to humans is:
a. dirty drinking water.
b. mosquitoes.
c. rats.
d. monkeys.
Q:
The clinal decrease in type B blood from East Asia to Western Europe is probably the result of:
a. founder effect.
b. stabilizing selection.
c. mutation.
d. gene flow.
Q:
The type of selection that favored progressively larger brain size in human evolution is:
a. natural selection.
b. directional selection.
c. stabilizing selection.
d. disruptive selection.
Q:
Together, all of the alleles contained within a group of interbreeding individuals is known as a:
a. gene pool.
b. population.
c. clinal distribution.
d. polymorphism.
Q:
Malaria is caused by:
a. bites from infected mosquitoes.
b. a genetic mutation.
c. drinking bad water.
d. eating spoiled food.
Q:
Homologous chromosomes:
a. are genetically identical.
b. carry genetic information that influences the same trait.
c. are inherited only from the mother.
d. are members of different pairs.
Q:
The expression of polygenic traits:
a. is never determined by the influence of environmental factors.
b. is determined by genes at several loci in conjunction with environmental factors.
c. is determined solely by genes at two or more loci.
d. is determined solely by the influence of environmental factors.