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Question
Discuss the difference between a hypothesis and a theory. Why is the distinction important?Answer
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Related questions
Q:
By the close of the Pleistocene the human population numbered:
a. several thousand.
b. 7 billion.
c. several million.
d. 1 billion.
Q:
What effect did the advent of agriculture have on the level of interpersonal violence seen in the archaeological record?
a. Violence increased.
b. Violence decreased.
c. Violence stayed about the same.
d. Intercultural violence increased.
Q:
_______ iron is found in some foods that provide all the amino acids humans require in their diet.
a. Heme
b. Nonheme
c. Flat
d. Raw
Q:
Some cases of anemia, which cause red blood cell production to increase in response to iron deficiency or blood loss, may lead to:
a. cribra orbitalia in eye orbits.
b. expansion and porosity of long bones.
c. a parasitic infection.
d. a genetic disease.
Q:
Based on the archaeological record from various areas, the initial effect of agriculture on height was that height:
a. decreased.
b. increased.
c. became more variable within the population.
d. stayed the same.
Q:
In the American Midwest, native seed crops goosefoot, sumpweed, and sunflowers were farmed about:a. 11,500 yBP.b. 8,000 yBP.c. 6,000-1,000 yBP.d. 10,500 yBP.
Q:
The archaeological record suggests that farming began in southeastern Turkey by:
a. 6,000 yBP.
b. 4,000 yBP.
c. 1,500 yBP.
d. 10,500 yBP.
Q:
Painted perforated shells are evidence that Neandertals:
a. traded with modern humans.
b. used body ornaments.
c. used symbolism.
d. both b. and c.
Q:
The best fossil evidence to suggest that Neandertals could produce a language like that of modern humans comes from which bone(s) collected at Kebara, Israel?
a. the cervical (neck) vertebrae
b. the mandible
c. the ribs
d. the hyoid
Q:
The Levallois method of stone tool production is associated with the:
a. Mousterin.
b. Upper Paleolithic.
c. Levallois.
d. Solutrean.
Q:
In Atapeura 5, early archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertal specimens show heavy wear on the incisors and canines, indicating:
a. the use of the front teeth for gripping materials.
b. the purposeful modification of teeth to demonstrate social rank, as with the Aztecs.
c. their use for shaping the cutting edges of stone blades.
d. the chewing of massive amounts of fibrous materials.
Q:
What kinds of environmental pressures contributed to the dispersal of modern Homo sapiens around the world? What do the migrations of modern humans into Australia tell us about the range of human variation and adaptability in the past compared to the diversity we see in human populations today?
Q:
Discuss the two models of modern human originsout-of-Africa and multiregional continuity. Briefly describe their main tenets and discuss how the more recent assimilation model differs from each.
Q:
The transition to fully modern Homo sapiens was completed globally by about:
a. 400,000 yBP.
b. 1.6 mya.
c. 160,000 yBP.
d. 25,000 yBP.
Q:
Sub-Saharan Africans show the largest genetic diversity of any human population. This is likely to have resulted from the:
a. accumulation of genetic mutations over the last 10 years.
b. group's small breeding population, maintaining genetic diversity.
c. accumulations of genetic mutations over time.
d. introduction of genetic diversity from Europe and Asia.
Q:
Some of the best information on climate history over the last several million years is based on the study of:
a. amino acids.
b. foraminifera.
c. radioisotopes.
d. dendrochronology.
Q:
Paleontologists find a fossil ape with long arms. What type of environment can they infer it inhabited?
a. savanna
b. woodland
c. grassland
d. swamp
Q:
Scientists can determine the type of plant consumed based on:
a. carbon 14.
b. radioisotopes.
c. index fossils.
d. carbon 13 and carbon 12.
Q:
A mummy is discovered whose tomb includes cloth, food, and other organic remains. What dating method would most likely be used to date the tomb?
a. biostratigraphy
b. carbon 14
c. dendrochronology
d. electron spin resonance
Q:
Cultural dating can be used to date:
a. ceramics.
b. bones and teeth.
c. shells.
d. trilobite evolution.
Q:
To reconstruct and interpret evolutionary changes, it is crucial to place each fossil in time. This is called a(n):
a. chronological sequence.
b. era.
c. period.
d. phylogeny.
Q:
Describe the range of primate residence patterns. Relate social grouping to food and reproduction.
Q:
Sociality among primates is likely the result of which of the following selective pressures?
a. predation
b. niche competition
c. adaptive radiation
d. habitat
Q:
Altruistic behavior benefits others while being a disadvantage to the altruistic individual. Which of the following reasons does NOT explain why it exists in primate societies?
a. Altruistic behavior is not directed randomly but toward related individuals.
b. Altruistic behavior is an example of kin selection.
c. Altruistic behavior is likely to be observed in groups where there is high genetic relatedness among individuals.
d. Altruistic behavior is the random effect of living in a complex social species.
Q:
What is special about primate societies and social behavior?
a. They are not diverse.
b. They welcome newcomers as humans do.
c. They are highly diverse.
d. They share and cooperate as humans do not.
Q:
Why are primates social in the short term?
a. to increase female fecundity in dominant females only
b. to increase interaction between sexually mature males and females
c. to establish social relationships to prevent attacks from predators
d. to share food sources
Q:
Distribution, in reference to food, means the:
a. location of food across the landscape.
b. distribution of primates in a primate group as they forage for food.
c. distribution of food among primates in a group.
d. adjustment in size of a feeding group.
Q:
Three key factors that contribute to a female primate's success at feeding are:
a. speed, agility, and strength.
b. source, quantity, and safety.
c. quality, distribution, and availability of food.
d. cooperation, altruism, and quantity for sharing.
Q:
Altruistic behavior:
a. is behavior that benefits others while causing a disadvantage to the individual.
b. occurs only between primates that are not relatives.
c. is not a beneficial evolutionary adaptation.
d. is not an advantage of cooperation within a society.
Q:
Grooming involves:
a. the development of alliances between females only.
b. the development of alliances between males only.
c. bonding between individuals of the same rank, picking through the skin and hair of another individual.
d. bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.