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Question
Dynamic filtering is one view of the prefrontal cortex, in which this area is a repository of representations and selects information most relevant to the current task.
Answer
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Related questions
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A patient with progressive supranuclear palsy is suffering from gradual deterioration of his superior colliculus. Which of the following statements best describes the result of this disease? a.The patient has intact acuity and shape perception, but he can no longer recognize visual objects. b. The patient demonstrates the phenomenon of blindsight. c.The patient is cortically blind. d. The patient is unable to initiate eye movements.
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Achromatopsia is due to a. the absence of the photopigment sensitive to long wavelengths. b. the absence of the photopigment sensitive to short wavelengths. c. cortical lesions in area V4. d. cortical lesions in area MT.
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Which of the following results would be expected for an individual experiencing the most common form of synesthesia? a.Their visual cortices have been shown to be sensitive to tactile discrimination. b. They show interference effects when asked to identify the colors of letters if the colors are inconsistent with their synesthetic experiences. c.Their somatosensory cortices have been shown to be sensitive to visual information. d. They show interference effects when asked to identify sung letters if the pitches are inconsistent with their synesthetic experiences.
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Which of the following is NOT an anatomical or physiological difference between the cerebral hemispheres? a. The planum temporale is larger on the left side. b. The Sylvian or lateral fissure is steeper on the left side. c.Parts of the thalamus are larger on the left side. d. Left-hemisphere neurons tend to have more dendritic branching than right-hemisphere neurons.
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Based on what you know about the neurophysiological and microanatomical differences between the right and left hemispheres, choose the option here that correctly lists the properties of cortical tissue samples taken from the left hemisphere. a.relatively greater dendritic branching, relatively dense packing of cortical columns b. relatively less dendritic branching, relatively dense packing of cortical columns c.relatively greater dendritic branching, relatively loose packing of cortical columns d. relatively less dendritic branching, relatively loose packing of cortical columns
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An anatomical difference between the cerebral hemispheres that may be related to language lateralization is the enlargement of the __________ in the left hemisphere.
a.hippocampus
b. cingulate gyrus
c. planum temporale
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Assessment of the visual processing carried out by each hemisphere in split-brain patients usually involves the brief simultaneous presentation of different stimuli to each visual field while the participant fixates on a central point in space. Why is it necessary to ensure that stimulus presentation is brief? a.If the stimuli were presented over longer intervals, information would be transferred between the hemispheres through the corpus callosum. b. Brief presentation prevents participants from focusing attention on the stimuli. c.The short presentation time is necessary to prevent eye movements, which would redirect information across the visual fields. d. Increasing the presentation time increases task difficulty for split-brain patients.
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Although there is a general consensus that the right hemisphere is superior on some tasks that require visuospatial processing, such as the block design task, the findings on this topic are also somewhat inconsistent. One explanation for this inconsistency is that the block design task a.involves many cognitive operations, and not all of them may be lateralized to the right hemisphere. b. has many verbal components that may emphasize left- rather than right hemisphere function. c.requires fine motor coordination, which is regulated by the right hemisphere. d. is too simple a task to demonstrate strong laterality effects.
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The word superiority effect can be documented a.in only the left hemisphere because this effect stems from the auditory lexicon. b.in both hemispheres because this effect stems from the auditory lexicon. c.in only the left hemisphere because this effect stems from the visual lexicon. d.in both hemispheres because this effect stems from the visual lexicon.
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The phenomenon of global precedence described by Navon (1977) is that when hierarchically structured stimuli are presented, a.global shapes are extracted before local shapes. b. local shapes are easier for the visual system to extract than global shapes. c.global shapes take longer to process than local shapes. d. local shapes can interfere with the perception of global shapes.
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Which of the following statements best describes the correlation between handedness and hemisphere dominance for language function in humans? a.The correlation is strong, such that for language almost all right-handers have left- hemisphere dominance and almost all left-handers have right-hemisphere dominance. b. The correlation is strong only for right-handers, who almost all have left-hemisphere dominance for language, whereas left-handers do not generally have a particular language- dominant hemisphere. c.The correlation is strong only for left-handers, who almost all have right-hemisphere dominance for language, whereas right-handers do not generally have a particular language-dominant hemisphere. d. The correlation is weak, such that almost all right-handers and at least half of left-handers exhibit left-hemisphere language dominance, regardless of handedness.
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Many callosal projections link homotopic areas in corresponding locations in the two hemispheres.
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Before entering the brain, each optic nerve splits into two branches so that information from__________ half of each retina crosses to the opposite side of the brain. a. nasal (medial) b. temporal (lateral) c. left (dorsal) d. right (ventral)
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Which of the following is typically true of people with bilateral damage to the amygdala? a. They do not produce a full range of facial expressions. b. They are like controls in their implicit and explicit reactions to race. c. They are unable to recognize emotional prosody. d. All of the above.
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Lesions to the hippocampus typically do not result in profound memory problems unless the lesions also encompass the amygdala.
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Korsakoffs syndrome is associated with alcoholism.
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of NMDA receptors in mediating LTP in the brain? a. NMDA receptors are critical to inducing LTP but not to maintaining LTP. b. NMDA receptors block LTP in the brain unless magnesium ions are present. c. NMDA receptors are depolarized by the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. d. NMDA receptors create LTP by transporting magnesium ions from outside the cell into the cell.
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