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Question
Each of the following statements violates at least one of the criteria for effective supporting materials. Explain the flaw (or flaws) in each statement.
a. According to one expert, the top-earning jobs are still all in medicine. Anesthesiologists have an average salary of $235,070, followed by surgeons, who make $233,150 a year. Despite the similarity in salary, however, a magazine reports that surgeons have the more stressful job because the responsibility for saving the patients life always rests with them.
b. A random poll taken recently in Washington, D.C., showed that 78 percent of those interviewed opposed term limitations on U.S. senators and representatives. Clearly, then, the American people oppose such limitations.
c. In the words of one observer, As we move through the new millennium, the American public school system is just not working as it should. For example, in 2010, national test scores in English, math, and science were all lower than in 1999. As further evidence, test scores in the local school district declined by 10 percent during the 2010s.
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
As explained in your textbook, a group member to whom other members defer because of his or her rank or expertise is called a(n)
a. implied leader.
b. specific leader.
c. emergent leader.
d. designated leader.
e. appointed leader.
Q:
According to your textbook, a dyad is
a. a group of two people.
b. a group formed to solve a particular problem.
c. a group organized to present a symposium.
d. a group formed to plan a social event.
e. a group without a leader.
Q:
T F A symposium is essentially a conversation in front of an audience.
Q:
T F The ideal of small-group discussion is to reach a consensus decision on major issues facing the group.
Q:
T F The ideal of small-group discussion is to reach a majority decision on major issues facing the group.
Q:
T F Brainstorming for potential solutions requires that a small group wait until all potential solutions have been presented to begin evaluating them.
Q:
T F Brainstorming is especially useful when a problem-solving small group is trying to generate potential solutions.
Q:
T F The maintenance needs of a small group include such matters as researching the discussion topic, keeping the group on track, and helping the group reach consensus.
Q:
T F Helping group members get along with one another is an example of a task need in a small group.
Q:
T F The procedural needs of a small group include such matters as whether members get along with one another and feel good about their roles in the group.
Q:
T F The procedural needs of a small group include such matters as deciding when the group will meet, taking notes during the meeting, and summarizing the groups progress at the end of the meeting.
Q:
T F To function effectively, a small group needs a specific leader.
Q:
T F One of the defining traits of a small group is that its members assemble for a specific purpose.
Q:
Define and explain each of the following methods of presenting the recommendations of a problem-solving small group:
a. oral report
b. symposium
c. panel discussion
Q:
When one member of a small group has a personal goal that conflicts with the goals of the group as a whole, he or she is said to have a(n) _______________ agenda.
hidden
Q:
Sylvia was part of a small group attempting to deal with a wave of thefts in the campus dorms. Because the group was a problem-solving group, it would be unlikely to present its results in a. a convocation b. a panel discussion c. a seminar d. an open forum e. a symposium
Q:
Having reached consensus on a policy for increasing child safety in the homes of gun owners, Stefanos small group decided to have each member deliver a prepared speech on a different aspect of the groups work. According to your textbook, what method of presenting its recommendations did Stefanos group use?
a. an open forum
b. a convocation
c. a panel discussion
d. an oral report
e. a symposium
Q:
According to your textbook, a public presentation in which several people present prepared speeches on different aspects of the same topic is called a(n)
a. panel discussion.
b. oral report.
c. town hall meeting.
d. open forum.
e. symposium.
Q:
In a symposium, the participants
a. speak briefly, informally, and impromptu.
b. talk to one another loudly enough for the audience to hear.
c. deliver prepared speeches on different aspects of the topic.
d. frequently interrupt one another to make a point.
e. begin by responding to questions from the audience.
Q:
T F Research indicates that evidence is usually more persuasive when it is stated in specific rather than general terms.
Q:
The fallacy of _______________ assumes that something old is automatically better than something new.
Q:
The _______________ fallacy assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented.
Q:
T F Research has shown that speakers with high initial credibility need to use more evidence than speakers with low initial credibility.
Q:
T F Establishing common ground with an audience is especially important in the introduction of a persuasive speech.
Q:
The _______________ fallacy introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the issue at hand.
Q:
According to your textbook, _______________ reasoning seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects.
Q:
T F Education and status are the most important factors affecting a speakers credibility.
Q:
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of reasoning from _______________ .
In Rhode Island, three patients received brain surgery on the wrong side of their brain. A 52-year-old man in Florida who had to have his leg amputated ended up losing both legs because the surgeons mistakenly removed the healthy leg first. A 17-year-old died in a North Carolina hospital after receiving a heart-lung transplant from a donor with a different blood type. Cases like these illustrate how widespread medical malpractice has become.
specific instances
Q:
When used in a persuasive speech, supporting materials such as examples, statistics, and testimony are referred to as _______________ .
Q:
_______________ credibility is the credibility of the speaker before she or he begins to speak. _______________ credibility is the credibility produced by everything the speaker says and does during the speech. _______________ credibility is the credibility of the speaker at the end of the speech.
Initial; Derived; Terminal