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Question
General circulation models (GCMs) of the atmosphereA) are pre-computer based models that estimated atmospheric and oceanic circulation and are now being used to study climate change.
B) are highly simplistic models that use one or two variables to test the veracity of climate proxies, such as ice core and ocean sediment core samples.
C) are based on statistical three-dimensional grids that characterize portions of the atmosphere and ocean in terms of climate-related variables.
D) calculate the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere based on data from weather stations located around the globe.
Answer
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Related questions
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The basis for defining the length of a day is the fact that
A) Earth rotates east to west.
B) Earth moves through 365.25 days a year in its orbit about the Sun.
C) Earth rotates on its axis in 24 hours; i.e., it rotates 15 of longitude per hour.
D) Earth does not rotate; rather, it revolves.
Q:
Predator/prey relationships are an example of
A) positive feedback, because more predation leads to higher prey populations as they increase reproduction to insure survival.
B) positive feedback, as more prey discourages further predation allowing prey populations to flourish.
C) negative feedback, because prey populations tend to achieve a balance with the number of predators.
D) negative feedback, because more wolves equal fewer elk and people tend to like elks more than wolves.
Q:
Which of the following is true of the biosphere?
A) Life processes generally are not shaped by the abiotic spheres.
B) Life processes generally are shaped to the abiotic spheres.
C) It is not connected to the overlapping inorganic spheres.
D) It only occurs in the hydrosphere.
Q:
Which of the following is true of the biosphere?
A) It is never referred to as the ecosphere.
B) It exists on other planets in the solar system.
C) It is not connected to the overlapping inorganic spheres.
D) It extends from the floor of the oceans to 8 km (5 mi.) into the atmosphere.
Q:
Living systems are considered
A) biotic.
B) inorganic.
C) part of the lithosphere.
D) abiotic.
Q:
A large flood in a river may cause abrupt shifts leading to the carving of a new channel. The point at which this change occurs is a(n)
A) type of dynamic equilibrium condition.
B) type of metastable equilibrium.
C) threshold.
D) input.
Q:
The key idea behind the scientific method is
A) the use of intuition in testing theories.
B) an appeal to supernatural explanations when natural explanations have not yet been found for a phenomenon.
C) the testing of ideas through controlled observations and experiments.
D) unbridled speculation about the world.
Q:
Which of the following is the most strongly supported by experimental and observational evidence?
A) speculation
B) hypothesis
C) educated guess
D) theory
Q:
Relative to the five fundamental themes of geography, the Cienega de Santa Clara, an ecotourism destination on the Colorado River delta, is best described within which of the five themes?
A) location
B) place
C) human-Earth relationships
D) movement
E) regions
Q:
The main methodology governing geographic inquiry
A) is behavioral analysis.
B) involves spatial analysis.
C) uses chronological organization.
D) is field work.
Q:
"Geography" literally means
A) place memorization.
B) the study of rocks.
C) map making.
D) to write (about) Earth.
Q:
Which map projection is best at reducing distortion?
A) All map projections distort.
B) Mercator projection.
C) Robinson projection.
D) Albers equal-area projection.
Q:
A line of tangency (also called a standard line) is a line
A) that always corresponds to a great circle.
B) along which shearing occurs.
C) along which no distortion occurs.
D) divides Earth into two equal halves.
Q:
The larger the scale of a map, the ________ the area covered by the map and the ________ detail it provides.
A) larger; more
B) larger; less
C) smaller; more
D) smaller; less
Q:
Which type of map scale would be appropriate to use if the map were to be enlarged by photocopying?
A) written
B) graphic
C) representative fraction
D) relative
Q:
A scale given as "one centimeter to one kilometer" is an example of a
A) representative fraction.
B) graphic scale.
C) written scale.
D) relative scale.
Q:
The transformation of a spherical global to a 2D surface is a
A) diagram.
B) cone.
C) map projection.
D) globe.
Q:
A scale of 1 inch = 8 miles is an example of a
A) representative fraction.
B) graphic scale.
C) written scale.
D) relative scale.
Q:
Earth's equator is an example of
A) a small circle.
B) a great circle.
C) a prime meridian.
D) a line of equal longitude.
Q:
If City A is located 35 west of City B, the time at City A is ________ that at City B.
A) earlier than
B) later than
C) the same as
D) earlier during daylights saving only than
Q:
Global positioning systems, while useful in navigation, have little utility in physical geography.
Q:
A map scale of 1:24,000 is considered a small scale as compared to a scale of 1:20,900,000, which is considered a large scale.
Q:
There are 48 time zones, each approximately 7.5 in width.
Q:
All parallels are 360 in length.
Q:
"Longitude" is the name of an angle, and "meridian" is the name of an imaginary line that connects all points along the same longitude.
Q:
Latitude is the angular distance measured north or south of the equator from the center of Earth and it describes a parallel line on the surface.
Q:
Scientific theories are capable of generating testing predictions.
Q:
Pure science frequently involves the making of value judgments about the moral or political correctness of a fact, idea, or theory.
Q:
Geography is a discipline primarily concerned with place names.
Q:
The occurrence of contact metamorphism would be direct evidence for
A) cementation of sedimentary rock.
B) the local intrusion of magma.
C) regional plate collision.
D) lithification of clastics.