How does the development of self-understanding change from middle to late childhood

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How does the development of self-understanding change from middle to late childhood? Illustrate your answer with examples.

In middle and late childhood, especially from 8 to 11 years of age, children increasingly describe themselves with psychological characteristics and traits in contrast to the more concrete self-descriptions of younger children. For example, older children are more likely to describe themselves using adjectives such as popular, nice, helpful, mean, smart, and dumb. In addition, during the elementary school years, children become more likely to recognize social aspects of the self. They include references to social groups in their self-descriptions, such as referring to themselves as Girl Scouts, as Catholics, or as someone who has two close friends. Children's self-understanding in the elementary school years also includes increasing reference to social comparison. At this point in development, children are more likely to distinguish themselves from others in comparative rather than in absolute terms. That is, elementary-school-age children are no longer as likely to think about what they do or do not do, but are more likely to think about what they can do in comparison with others. In sum, in middle and late childhood, self-description increasingly involves psychological and social characteristics, including social comparison.

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