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Question
Identify the deficiency theories and discuss how they explain the systematic disadvantaging of certain sectors of the population. Add the sociological criticisms of these theories.
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
By 2023 a majority of children (under 18 years of age) in the United States will be from a minority background. By what year will non-White ethnic groups surpass working-age Whites in number?
a. 2057
b. 2039
c. 2020
d. 2016
Q:
With relatively weak unions and competition from low-wage economies, U.S. corporations have been reducing _____, or setting up a two-tiered system that disadvantages newer employees.
a. golden parachutes
b. executive bonuses
c. executive salaries
d. workers' benefits
Q:
About three-fourths of _____ (employees who work part time, in temporary jobs, or as independent contractors) are women.
a. homeschoolers
b. contingent workers
c. outsourcers
d. offshore workers
Q:
The term capital flight is defined as
a. the movement of corporate money from one investment to another through investment in plants located in other nations, plant relocation within the United States, and mergers.
b. when a company moves its production to another country, producing the same products in the same way, but with cheaper labor, lower taxes, and lower benefits to workers.
c. taking some specific task that a company was doing in-housesuch as research, call centers, accounting, or transcribingand transferring it to an overseas company to save money and then reintegrating that work back into the overall operation.
d. independent contractors working from their homes, paying for their own health care and retirement plan, and furnishing their own equipment.
Q:
Among other changes, new _____ have, most significantly, magnified the connections among all peoples across the globe.
a. agragrianism
b. ways of thinking
c. technologies
d. spirituality
Q:
During the Industrial Revolution, which began in the _____ century, the application of steam power and later oil and electricity as energy sources for industry, mining, manufacturing, and transportation brought fundamental changes to the economy, the nature of work, family organization, and a transition from rural to urban life.
a. 17th
b. 18th
c. 19th
d. 20th
Q:
The chapter cites two fundamental turning points in human history. What and when was the first of these two major turning points?a. Neolithic agricultural revolution that began about 8000 BCb. Industrial Revolution that began in Great Britain in the 1780sc. Immigration Revolution that began in the United States in the 1990sd. American Revolution that began in 1776
Q:
What is identified in the chapter as a primary reason that the Catholic church does not have enough priests (averaging one for every 1,400 Catholics)?a. Too many priests have been fired due to the pedophile/coverup scandals.b. Women are leaving the Catholic priesthood to become nuns.c. Priests are not allowed to marry.d. Priests frequently move from parish to parish, and cannot put down roots.
Q:
What is something that the three dominant religions in the United StatesChristianity, Judaism, and Islam"all have in common?
a. Their belief systems all recognize Jesus Christ as the Messiah.
b. Their female prophets all predicted the coming of Mohammed.
c. They are collectively known as "God's chosen people."
d. Their belief systems have been used to legitimize female subordination to males.
Q:
Women are denied the role of minister, priest, or rabbi in many Protestant denominations, the Catholic and Orthodox churches, and Orthodox Judaisim, among others. This indicates that the _____ tradition in religion continues to this day.
a. spirit of reform
b. patriarchal
c. feminist
d. feminine
Q:
The leaders of _____ were almost exclusively African American clergy.
a. the communist witch hunts of the 1950s
b. the 1970s crusade against atheism
c. swing-era bands and orchestras
d. the civil rights movement in the 1960s
Q:
Which thinker demonstrated that Calvinism was instrumental in the development of capitalism?
a. Max Weber
b. Karl Marx
c. Emile Durkheim
d. Pat Robertson
Q:
To Marx, religion promotes the status quo by teaching the powerless to accept
a. a belief system in which the sacred is separate from the secular.
b. that people bestow the notion of the sacred onto something, rather than that object being intrinsically sacred.
c. the idea of single God in three persons.
d. religious beliefs that are against their own interests.
Q:
In Karl Marx's view, religion _____ societal change by making existing social arrangements seem right and inevitable.
a. enshrines
b. encourages
c. inhibits
d. moderates
Q:
What is defined as converting or attempt to convert someone from one religion, belief, or opinion to another?
a. Religion
b. Theodicy
c. Evangelism
d. Proselytizing
Q:
Which of the following religions with a global reach has the most members worldwide?
a. Islam
b. Hinduism
c. Christianity
d. Buddhism
Q:
The term megachurch is defined as a church with at least _____ in attendance each week.
a. 20,000
b. 12,000
c. 2,000
d. 200
Q:
Discuss the results of the way public education is funded in the United States. Why does the chapter refer to this funding as "upside down"?
Q:
Discuss how public schools are funded in the United States. What are some of the problem associated with this practice?
Q:
Which type of students are five times more likely to receive special accommodations for a learning disability when they take the SAT?
a. Students from New England prep schools
b. African American students from the inner city
c. Asian American students from Silicon Valley
d. Latino students from South Texas
Q:
In 2013, eighth graders eligible for _____ averaged 27 points lower in math than students who were not.
a. free school lunch
b. the football team
c. extra tutoring
d. a community-service award
Q:
In 1991 Albert _____, former president of the American Federation of Teachers, pointed out that unlike many other countries, in the United States "there is little connection between what students are supposed to learn, the knowledge on which they are assessed, and what we expect our teachers to know."
a. de Salvo
b. Einstein
c. Shanker
d. Schweitzer
Q:
Public schools are primarily controlled at the _____ level.
a. federal
b. state
c. local
d. family
Q:
Approximately what percentage of public high school students in the United States will drop out before graduation?
a. 54%
b. 30%
c. 15%
d. 5%
Q:
Discuss child poverty and how it relates to changing family structures.
Q:
Discuss how sociologist Judith Stacey's concept of the modern family differs from her idea of the postmodern family. How does class factor into each type of family?
Q:
Trends regarding families led Joseph Coates in 2002 to make predictions about family life in the future. What did he speculate about divorce?
a. Divorce rates will diminish as more minority families decide to remain intact.
b. Divorce rates will soar as more women enter the workforce, either out of necessity or a desire for personal fulfillment.
c. Divorce will diminish because society will focus on creating more effective families as profamily movements emerge.
d. Divorce will continue but society will focus on creating more effective families as profamily movements emerge.
Q:
The term _____ is used to describe the transfer of moods, feelings, and behavior between work and family settings.
a. glass wall
b. boundary issue
c. spillover
d. stress reaction
Q:
Which term is defined as the way in which the connections between jobs and family life may be a source of tension for workers and family members?
a. Spillover
b. Work"family interference
c. Home-as-haven
d. Work"life balance
Q:
The fastest growth among nonfamily households in recent years has been among
a. immigrants.
b. cohabiting heterosexual couples.
c. college-age youth sharing apartments.
d. individuals living alone.