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Question
In his book A Theory of Justice the philosopher John Rawls argues that people are entitled
not to equal shares of the basic goods of society, but to an equal chance to acquire them. This
aspect of his worldview is called
a. equality of opportunity. c. equal benefits to all.
b. equal rights under the law. d. maximum equality to all.
Answer
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Related questions
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The right to express your opinions or ideas without burdensome restraints from government
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a. the right to bear arms. c. the freedom of religion.
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a. the church has disagreed with science.
b. scientists have been uninterested in teleology.
c. natural law theory is internally illogical.
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Alan Goldman says that the conventional view of sexuality is that sexual behavior must have
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a. sex is directed towards goals but not toward conventional goals.
b. sex is not a means to some other goal.
c. sex should be directed toward communicating ideas or expressing love.
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An unmarried man and woman have frequent sex and engage in activities that most of society
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greatest net good for all concerned. A utilitarian would therefore say that their sexual
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a. permissible except for deviant sex.
b. permissible except for activities labeled unnatural.
c. impermissible.
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Q:
The difference between hypothetical and categorical imperatives is that
a. hypothetical imperatives are universal, whereas categorical imperatives are not.
b. hypothetical imperatives are rational and categorical imperatives are conditional.
c. hypothetical imperatives are absolutist, whereas categorical imperatives are not.
d. hypothetical imperatives are conditional, whereas categorical imperatives are unconditional.
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Kissing someone without first obtaining consent is an example of
a. rape. c. both rape and sexual assault.
b. sexual assault. d. neither rape nor sexual assault.
Q:
The notion that as long as basic moral standards are respected, any sexual activity engaged in
by informed, consenting adults is permissible is known as the ________ view.
a. hedonistic c. liberal
b. conventional d. moderate
Q:
In a recent public opinion poll, ________ percent of respondents said they believe that it is
morally acceptable for a man and woman to have sex before marriage.
a. 90 c. 25
b. 66 d. 40
Q:
John Stuart Mill called the utilitarian principle, by which all actions can be judged, the
________ principle.
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The ethical theory that says that the right action is the one that advances ones own best interests is called ________.
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The nonconsequentialist answer to the question Why are racists wrong? is that they hurt people.
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The philosopher Thomas Hobbes says that people are naturally
a. greedy, selfish, violent, self-destructive, and desperate.
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c. eager to believe in a religious doctrine.
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Rule-utilitarianism has been accused of being internally inconsistent because the theory can
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basis and argue that the concept of race should be the main focus of science.
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Scientific racism refers to a school of thought that held that (1) humanity can indeed be
divided into separate and distinct races, (2) race enables us to explain the most basic
differences among people, and (3) some races are superior to others.
Q:
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may have never discriminated against anyone. Supporters of preferential hiring practices
will say that
a. these policies will actually benefit white males and minorities equally.
b. all white males are actually racist, even if they dont mean to be.
c. the injustice to white males makes amends for past injustices to minorities.
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Q:
Garrett Hardin uses the lifeboat metaphor to suggest that
a. affluent countries, like lifeboats, are inherently unstable.
b. the moral duty of affluent countries is to give aid to the starving, overpopulated ones.
c. the affluent countries have a moral duty not to give aid to the starving, overpopulated ones.
d. giving aid to the poor and hungry will cause a worldwide revolt against the rich and influential.
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b. should not aid the poor and hungry because doing so will only invite catastrophe for the rich and poor alike.
c. should not aid the poor and hungry because doing so will result in injustice to the rich.
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a. nonmoral principles. c. technical issues.
b. nonmoral issues or judgments. d. moral principles or judgments.
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a. egalitarian justice. c. the level of sufficient sacrifice.
b. the level of marginal utility. d. distributive justice.
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sometimes morally acceptable. But we can reject out of hand anything he has to say because
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a. equivocation c. appeal to authority
b. begging the question d. appeal to the person
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consequences, especially economically, because closed borders restrict trade, waste talents,
and impede prosperity.
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It was the philosopher Thomas Aquinas who said, It is no wrong for man to make use of [animals], either by killing them or in any other way whatever.