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Question
In the context of effectiveness of performance management, _____ means the extent to which a measurement tool actually measures what it is intended to measure.
A. validity
B. dependability
C. acceptability
D. reliability
E. specificity
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
Janet, a sales manager at Drexler Inc., claims that labor and management of most organizations are rivals. Carmella, the HR manager, argues that management and labor do not compete but assist each other. Who is correct in this situation?
A. Janet is right because after the 1980s, most unions and organizations have acted as adversaries.
B. Carmella is right because labor and management often cooperate to enhance teamwork.
C. Janet is right because finding win-win solutions is almost impossible between labor unions and management due to conflicting goals.
D. Carmella is right because organizations often readily accept employee empowerment programs, which is a sign of cooperation.
E. Janet is right because the sole purpose of creating a union is to force employers to pay more wages, which results in loss of profits.
Q:
The _____ is a neutral third party on which common alternatives to strike depends on.
A. National Labor Relations Board
B. Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
C. Federal Labor Relations Board
D. Federal Arbitration and Consulting Service
E. National Mediation and Arbitration Commission
Q:
Jane and Martha work at Anden Inc. Jane claims that forming a union can help enhance workers' bargaining power with management. Martha, however, argues that it is quite challenging to form a union. Which of the following statements strengthens Martha's argument?
A. Unionized employees have low negotiating power with the management.
B. A union needs to convince a majority of workers to have a common goal.
C. Union workers generally have lower productivity than nonunion workers.
D. A union's goals must always contradict the employer's goals.
E. A union must only include members with highly conceptual skills who can easily deal with conflict resolution.
Q:
Which of the following best describes a card-check provision?
A. It is an arrangement that allows the employer, on behalf of the union, to automatically deduct union dues from the employees' paychecks.
B. It is an agreement that if a certain percentage of employees sign an authorization card, the employer will recognize their union representation.
C. It is an alternative form of union membership in which members receive discounts on insurance and credit cards rather than representation in collective bargaining.
D. It is a formal and binding pledge by the employer not to oppose organizing efforts elsewhere in the company.
E. It is a formal and binding pledge by at least 51 percent of employees to not unionize.
Q:
Which of the following union security provisions is unlawful under right-to-work laws?
A. Checkoff provision
B. Closed shop
C. Maintenance of membership
D. Secret-ballot elections
E. Participation in union meetings
Q:
Identify the unfair labor practice under Section 8(a) of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).
A. Engaging in collective bargaining with a labor organization
B. Asking to meet with employees' representatives because the employees are on strike
C. Failing to pay unionized employees higher wages than nonunionized employees
D. Implementing performance-based pay plans in the company
E. Coercing employees in exercising their rights to join or assist a labor organization
Q:
Miranda is covered by a union security arrangement that does not mandate she become a union member but requires that she pays union dues. In this scenario, which type of union security arrangement is described?
A. Maintenance shop
B. Union shop
C. Agency shop
D. Closed shop
E. Provision shop
Q:
_____ rules require that employees who join the union remain members for a certain period of time but do not require a union membership.
A. Agency shop
B. Union shop
C. Closed shop
D. Maintenance of membership
E. Checkoff provision
Q:
Hal Brown, a manager at Time-It Watches Inc., believes that the formation of a union in a company can help workers hold their employers accountable for the way they treat them. In the context of different types of goals that have an effect on labor unions, Brown is referring to _____ goals.
A. management
B. union
C. industrial
D. societal
E. economical
Q:
Identify the right statement regarding the effects of unions on company performance.
A. As a result of the type of pay system favored by unions, employees are more inclined to compete than cooperate.
B. Most studies show that union workers are less productive than nonunion workers.
C. On average, union members receive higher wages and more generous benefits than nonunion workers.
D. The introduction of a union invariably results in the employer paying lesser attention to employee ideas.
E. Evidence shows that unions have a large positive effect on profits.
Q:
Identify the correct statement about the trends in union membership in the U.S. in relation to trends in other countries.
A. In Western Europe, it is common to have union coverage rates of 80 to 90 percent.
B. Coverage rates within the United States are much higher than in most other countries.
C. U.S. employees tend to have a larger, more formal role in organizational decision making than in Western European countries.
D. Worker representatives on boards of directors are much more common in the United States than in Western European countries.
E. The union membership rate in the U.S. is second only to that of Denmark.
Q:
Which of the following is a factor that has been associated with the decline in union membership?
A. High regulation in such areas as workplace safety and equal employment opportunity
B. Low competition between companies for scarce human resources
C. High job growth in the manufacturing sector of the economy
D. Low costs of unionized labor
E. Low prospects for growth in the service industry
Q:
Britt, a heavy equipment operator; Sara, an operating engineer; and Nick, a construction mechanic, hail from different parts of the United States. Though they have different occupations, they are all members of the same union. In the context of types of union, Britt, Sara, and Nick most likely belong to a(n) _____ union.
A. international
B. industrial
C. stewards
D. checkoff
E. craft
Q:
Most national unions in the United States are linked with the _____, an association that pursues to improve the shared interests of its member unions at the national level.
A. National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)
B. Change to Win
C. American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO)
D. Chamber of Commerce
E. National Association of Manufacturers
Q:
Identify the statement that characterizes an industrial union.
A. All the members are in the same occupation.
B. Union leaders try to limit the number of members in order to maintain high wages.
C. Members are linked by their work in a particular industry.
D. Members change employers more frequently than in other types of unions.
E. It is often responsible for training its members through apprenticeships.
Q:
The employees of Neronsen Inc. decide to form a union. Although most members of management are ready to support their decision, the CEO wishes to maintain nonunion operations. In an attempt to persuade the CEO to change his mind, a union official claims that labor-management cooperation can help improve the company's revenues. The CEO, however, disagrees. Who is right in this scenario?
A. The union official is right because studies show unionized workers are more productive than nonunionized workers.
B. The CEO is right because union workers are less committed to quality work.
C. The union official is right because union formation tends to reduce the overall cost of labor.
D. The CEO is right because unionized workers find it more difficult to form self-managing teams.
E. The CEO is right because the introduction of unions may cause managers to disregard employee ideas and pay less attention to management practices.
Q:
Kristen, a production manager at KartWheel Designs Inc., believes that the formation of labor unions may have a negative impact on the performance of a company's stock. Which of the following statements is likely to strengthen Kristen's belief?
A. Workers in unionized organizations tend to exhibit lower levels of productivity than workers in nonunion organizations.
B. Unionized organizations are often required to pay their workers higher wages and offer them more generous benefits.
C. Studies reveal that unions do not have any positive effects on performance measures, such as productivity, profits, and stock performance.
D. Unions tend to have a positive impact on the self-esteem of their members.
E. The formation of labor unions is likely to lead to conflicts between social and labor union goals.
Q:
Courts generally avoid reviewing arbitrators' decisions and focus only on whether the grievance involved an issue that is subject to arbitration under the contract.
Q:
The frequency for bargaining over a new contract is only about every three years.
Q:
Mediation is the most formal and least used method of conflict resolution.
Q:
Most studies have found that union workers are more productive than nonunion workers.
Q:
Unlike union membership for workers in businesses, union membership among government workers has remained strong.
Q:
What are sick leave programs? What are the pros and cons of allowing employees to accumulate sick leave year after year?
Q:
_____ strictly limits the definition of "independent contractors," so that employers cannot avoid legal obligations by classifying workers as self-employed when the organization receives the benefits of a permanent employee.
A. The Internal Revenue Service
B. The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA)
C. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)
D. Employee Benefit Research Institute
E. The Bureau of Labor Statistics
Q:
Which of the following factors is considered while calculating the retirement benefit levels under a defined benefit retirement plan?
A. The state where the person was employed during the retirement year
B. Number of dependents
C. Employees' years of service, age, and earnings level
D. Average earning during the last 20 years of employment
E. Number of unused leaves at the end of the retirement year
Q:
Ryan was working as an engineer at a paint manufacturing company. A chemical spill at the factory caused an accident that left him permanently disabled. Which of the following programs is specifically designed to help employees like Ryan?
A. Unqualified retirement plan
B. Vested-benefit plan
C. Social Security
D. Defined-benefit plan
E. Work-sharing plan
Q:
Linda, who is pregnant, works for an organization with more than 100 employees. She lives 20 miles away from work. By federal law, she is entitled to _____ of unpaid leave after her child is born.
A. 12 days
B. 56 days
C. 12 weeks
D. 30 weeks
E. 11 months
Q:
Which of the following is a similarity between unemployment insurance benefits and workers' compensation benefits?
A. Both the programs are funded by the federal taxes on employees.
B. Both the programs' costs depend on the organization's experience ratings.
C. Both the programs have the same funding costs across the states.
D. Both the programs replace the same percentage of an individual's previous earnings.
E. Both the programs provide the same amount of compensation to the employees.
Q:
On average, out of every dollar spent by a company on employee compensation, more than _____ cents goes to employee benefits.
A. 75
B. 30
C. 50
D. 15
E. 20
Q:
According to Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), employees whose contributions are vested meet the requirements to receive a pension at retirement age.