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Question
It is essential that archaeologists take abundant, accurate, and detailed field notes during excavations because:a. archaeology destroys data as it is gathered; once a site is excavated it cannot be re-excavated.
b. federal legislation mandates abundant, accurate, and detailed field notes.
c. archaeology students generally learn field techniques from these notes.
d. none of the above; it is not essential because archaeologists can always go back and reconstruct the excavation later.
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
Brian Hatoff took the position when excavating Hidden Cave, outside Fallon, Nevada to
a. Do the work quietly in order not to involve spectators
b. Protect the site from looting by not publishing his results
c. Carry out a public education campaign to encourage community participation
d. Close the site permanently
Q:
According to the textbook, the Garbage Project has studied a number of social issues, including
a. Alcohol consumption
b. Cell phone communication
c. Underage use of prescription drugs
d. Gun trafficking
Q:
Archaeology is about the
a. living and dead
b. past and future
c. data necessary to prove science is infallible
d. A & B
Q:
Archaeology contributes to our understanding of the human condition by
a. what it learns about the past
b. how it goes about learning about the past
c. assumptions that are proven to be correct
d. A & B
Q:
Lewis R. Binford is a firm supporter of the concept that the goal of archaeology is to "dig up the past" and discover as much of the past as possible.
Q:
Based on the level of public support,
a. more archaeology will be needed in the future.
b. less archaeology will be needed in the future.
c. archaeology has no future
d. archaeology will increasingly be a pastime of wealthy.
Q:
Lewis Binford is responsible for establishing a concern for methods in reconstructing the past. This became known as
a. Culture history
b. Stratification
c. New Archaeology
d. Archaeology
Q:
Documenting how material culture changed over time and space is referred to as
a. Evolution
b. Stratigraphy
c. Culture history
d. Sedimentation
Q:
Midden is a term that refers to
a. Charcoal, bones of animals and stone implements in an archaeological context
b. Trash heaps created by people
c. Fragments of pottery
d. A site's physical structure
Q:
The "New Archaeology" of the 1960s:
a. Was actually not new at all; it marked a continuation of the same way archaeology had been practiced for many decades, and provides only an arbitrary temporal division in the history of archaeology.
b. Was an approach that emphasized the understanding of underlying cultural processes and the use of the scientific method.
c. Is sometimes called processual archaeology today.
d. Both B and C
Q:
"Stratigraphy" is:
a. The study of a site's artifact assemblage.
b. The thorough and detailed documentation of archaeological excavations.
c. The procedure by which archaeological sites are professionally mapped.
d. A site's physical structure produced by the deposition of geological and/or cultural sediments into layers.
Q:
Speculation as to the origin of the first people in the New World included:
a. That Native Americans were one of the Lost Tribes of Israel.
b. That Indians came from Atlantis.
c. That they were voyaging Egyptians, Vikings, Chinese, or Phoenicians.
d. All of the above.
Q:
Charles Lyell's 1865 book The Geologic Evidences for the Antiquity of Man was important because it:
a. documented the fact that humans had lived with now extinct animals in the distant past.
b. provided evidence that humans had been on the earth for a far shorter time than other scholars of the time suggested.
c. argued for an extremely young age of the earth (not more than 6000 years old).
d. finally showed that the "ancient ax heads" discovered in river gravels were nothing more than naturally fractured river cobbles.
Q:
The abbreviation "AD" referring to age in an archaeological or historic context means:
a. in the year of the lord.
b. after death.
c. approximate death.
d. nothing; there is no literal translation.
Q:
The socially recognized network of relationships through which individuals are related to one another by ties of descent (real or imagined) and marriage is called:
a. A moiety.
b. A lineage.
c. Kinship.
d. Bilateral descent.
Q:
If you live in a society in which two or more local groups are organized under a single highly ranked individual, you live in a(n):
a. Egalitarian society,
b. Patrilineal society.
c. Chiefdom.
d. Any or all of the above.
Q:
Studies of from various modern human populations have found:
a. Living Native Americans are not related to northern Asia
b. Living Native Americans are descendants of a separate migratory wave from Europe.
c. Living Native Americans are unlike Europeans, making an ancient migration from Europe as well as from Asia unlikely.
d. modern human populations are close knit.
Q:
Studies of some of the skeletal data of Neanderthals have concluded:
a. They are different from modern Europeans.
b. There is continuity between Neanderthals and modern Europeans.
c. Similarities with Native American populations.
d. Modern human capabilities to use symbols
Q:
The "Out of Africa" hypothesis of modern human origins suggests that the earliest modern humans fanned out of Africa to replace other hominids in other parts of the Old World roughly:
a. 50,000 years ago.
b. 100,000 years ago.
c. 200,000 years ago.
d. 300,000 years ago.
Q:
Which of the following is true of mitochondrial DNA?
a. It is present in the nucleus of every cell.
b. It is only transferred from mother to offspring.
c. It mutates at a much slower rate than nuclear DNA.
d. All of the above.
Q:
The best bone for determining stature from human skeletal material is:
a. The tibia.
b. The femur.
c. The ulna.
d. The radius.
Q:
If an archaeologist is studying ancient patterns of disease and disorders, he or she is studying:
a. Bioarchaeology.
b. Paleopathology.
c. Mortality profiles.
d. Paleodemography.
Q:
Why is it possible to assess age at death from tooth eruption patterns in juvenile human skeletons?
a. Because the pattern and timing of crown formation and tooth eruption is consistent among human populations.
b. Because although the timing of crown formation and tooth eruption varies among human populations, it varies at known rates.
c. It is only possible if the sex of the individual is also known, because tooth eruption patterns differ between males and females.
d. None of the above.
Q:
What could a bioarchaeologist look at to determine the age at death of a mature human skeleton (>30 years old)?
a. Tooth eruption patterns.
b. Patterns of bone fusion.
c. Paleopathologies such as osteoarthritis and enamel hypoplasias.
d. Patterns of wear on the pubic symphysis.
Q:
The first thing a bioarchaeologist would do when analyzing a human skeletal assemblage would be to:
a. Confirm that all the bones in the assemblage were human.
b. Calculate MNI and NISP.
c. Determine the sex and age at death of the individuals represented.
d. Determine any paleopathology present in the individuals represented.
Q:
The best place for a bioarchaeologist to look to determine the sex of human skeletal remainsis:
a. The skull.
b. The pelvis.
c. The sacrum.
d. The dentition.
Q:
Human bone is formed by complex interrelationships among the environment, behavior, physiology, and cultural behavior.
Q:
Although the analysis of plant remains from archaeological sites can provide important information about the economies of prehistoric populations, a drawback of plant remains is that they cannot be used to infer ritual significance or ideology.
Q:
Zooarchaeology brings an historical perspective to decisions as to which species to save. One way is to
a. Demonstrate how past human predation and landscape alteration affected animal populations.
b. Demonstrate how present human populations are destroying ancient species.
c. Demonstrate how ancient species fed ancient populations.
d. Foster conservation efforts to protect endangered species.
Q:
The ritual importance of Chavin de Huntar___________ through time; the local community __________in size.
a. Decreased, increased
b. Increased, decreased
c. Decreased, decreased
d. Increased, increased