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Question
Legal tax loopholes that permit certain individuals and corporations to pay lower taxes or no taxes at all are known as
a. social security.
b. tax-and-spend laws.
c. corporate welfare.
d. tax expenditures.
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
In his 1993 study of gender play in multiracial school settings, Barrie Thorne found that
a. boys avoided girls' activities and controlled a small space.
b. boys controlled more space, more often violated girls' activities, and treated girls as contaminating.
c. girls controlled more space, more often violated boys' activities, and treated boys as contaminating.
d. boys and girls were equally likely to violate each other's activities, take active toys away from others, and control small spaces.
Q:
Identify the deficiency theories and discuss how they explain the systematic disadvantaging of certain sectors of the population. Add the sociological criticisms of these theories.
Q:
Which groups are disproportionately targeted by police officers, as has been seen on video more and more in recent years?
a. Asians and Latinos
b. Arab Americans
c. Blacks and dark-skinned Latinos
d. Blacks and Whites
Q:
a. can; unconscious
b. cannot; unconscious
c. can; conscious
d. cannot; conscious
Q:
The term _____ encompasses immigrants to the United States from Asian and Pacific Island countries as well as those born in the United States whose ancestors come from those countries.
a. Pan-Asian
b. Oriental
c. Asian American
d. Multi-Asian
Q:
Before 1990, virtually all _____ Americans were descended from people brought involuntarily to the United States before the end of the slave trade.
a. European
b. African
c. Asian
d. Hispanic
Q:
According to a 2014 Pew Research poll, people in the Middle East see _____ as the top threat facing the world today.
a. decadence
b. capitalism
c. divisions between social classes
d. religious and ethnic hatred
Q:
Between the 2000 census and the 2010 census, the number of interracial couples
a. went down 10%.
b. went down 26%.
c. rose by 28%.
d. rose by 34%.
Q:
Racial classification in the United States has long been based on a Black/White_____, or two opposing categories into which all people fit.
a. social structuring
b. spectrum
c. spectroscopy
d. dichotomy
Q:
While sociologists now agree that the idea of race is _____, many people still believe that humans can be divided into groups based on physically distinguishable characteristics.
a. overly complicated
b. socially constructed
c. increasingly simplistic
d. genetically based
Q:
Discuss how inequality of education affects social class.
Q:
_____ people are more likely to be arrested, to be found guilty, and to serve longer sentences for a given violation than are people in the _____.
a. Middle-class; upper class
b. Low-income; middle and upper class
c. Middle-class; lower income class
d. Upper-class; ower income classes
Q:
According to Holzer and colleagues, the economic cost of poverty to the U.S. economy amounts to around _____ per year.
a. $500 million
b. $250 billion
c. $500 billion
d. $ 3 trillion
Q:
When a family member moves up or down the social ladder compared to his or her parents, this is an example of _____ mobility.
a. vertical values
b. horizontal lifestyle
c. intergenerational language
d. intragenerational appearance
Q:
According to conflict theory, the _____ class does society's dirty work for low wages.
a. lower-lower
b. untouchables
c. poor
d. working
Q:
According to the _____ view, a social class is not a cluster of similar occupations but, rather, a number of individuals who occupy a similar position within the social relations of economic production.
a. order
b. conflict
c. hierarchical
d. caste
Q:
In the conflict model of social class, the component of _____ is included, which order theorists tend to overlook.
a. power
b. occupation
c. income
d. education
Q:
Social scientists Katherine S. Newman and Victor Tan Chen identified a group of Americans who are consistently overlooked by government policies. They call this group the near poor because these families
a. earn a middle-class income but can only afford homes in or adjacent to poor neighborhoods.
b. lost almost all of their inherited wealth during the 2007"2009 recession.
c. earn middle-class incomes but spend more than they make.
d. have earnings that put them above the poverty line but below the middle class.
Q:
Like her mother and grandmother, Carole has worked at a local factory since graduating from high school. Carole most likely belongs to the _____ class.
a. lower-upper
b. lower-middle
c. upper-lower
d. lower-lower
Q:
The media frequently portrays _____ as White, male, cultured, and physically attractive.
a. foreign villains
b. professionals and business leaders
c. manual workers
d. the bigoted and ignorant
Q:
When it comes to wealth, the top 1% of Americans own _____ of the country's net worth.
a. 99%
b. 75%
c. 40%
d. 20%
Q:
Discuss the basic tenet of capitalism and how it affects the persistence of poverty.
Q:
Adherents of the _____ model of society believe that inequality is unavoidable and therefore must serve a useful function in society.
a. economic
b. utility
c. conflict
d. order
Q:
In 2012 _____ people worked full-time in the United States but remained under the poverty level.
a. at least 5.2 million
b. up to1.6 million
c. more than 2.8 million
d. almost half a million
Q:
_____ is when the customary ways of doing things, prevailing attitudes and expectations, and accepted structural arrangements work to the disadvantage of the poor.
a. Systemic bias
b. Culture of poverty
c. Compassion gap
d. Institutional discrimination
Q:
Lieutenant Governor Andre Bauer, who was running for governor of South Carolina in 2010, compared government assistance to feeding stray animals, saying "They will reproduce." This is an example of the _____ gap.
a. compassion
b. logic
c. intervention
d. ethnic
Q:
Critics of the culture of poverty hypothesis argue that the poor
a. retain the dominant values of society and that is why they can climb out of poverty.
b. do not retain the dominant values of society, instead they hold an alternative set of values.
c. do not retain the dominant values of society, instead they have a better set of values.
d. retain the dominant values of society while simultaneously holding an alternative set of values.
Q:
Where was the study held in which high-risk African American children were divided into two groups, with one group receiving a high-quality active learning program and the other receiving no preschool education?
a. Tuskegee, Alabama
b. University of North Carolina
c. Abecedarian, New Mexico
d. Ypsilanti, Michigan
Q:
The Abecedarian Project conducted at the University of North Carolina demonstrated that high-risk children at a high-quality preschool
a. had raised scores on intelligence tests but that gain faded out by sixth grade.
b. had slightly fewer arrests and higher incidents of home ownership than the controls.
c. earned significantly higher scores on intellectual and academic measures as young adults.
d. showed no difference in short- or long-term achievement than students in a control group.
Q:
Patricia Hill Collins called the intersection of the heirarchical systems of inequality the
a. heirarchy of subordination.
b. hierarchical matrix.
c. matrix of domination.
d. matrix of subjegation.