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Question
Like anthropologist Julian Steward, British archaeologist Grahame Clark broke away from the dependence on artifacts and argued for an ecological approach to how human populations adapted to their environments.Answer
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Related questions
Q:
The earliest well-dated example of _____________ is a piece of incised red ochre from Blombos Cave, South Africa, dated to 77,000 years ago
a) trade
b) medicine
c) money
d) weight measurement
e) art
Q:
Paleolithic cave art, concentrated in the caves of western Europe (particularly in southwest France and northern Spain), is thought to date approximately to
a) 100,00070,000 bc
b) 80,00060,000 bc
c) 30,00010,000 bc
d) 8,0005,000 bc
e) none of the above
Q:
The term cave art, also known as_________ art, designates art found on the walls of caves and rockshelters, or on very large stone blocks
a) parietal
b) referential
c) mobiliary
d) iconic
e) vertical
Q:
The study of artifacts and other material indicators of patterned actions that reflect religious beliefs is known as
a) the archaeology of cult
b) geoarchaeology
c) the archaeology of the mind
d) spiritual archaeology
e) none of the above
Q:
Secondary sexual characteristics include breasts and facial hair.
Q:
Available evidence suggests that Lindow Man did not die naturally, but rather suffered a very violent death.
Q:
Cause of death for skeletal remains can be ascertained
a) frequently; most leading causes of death leave traces on the bones
b) rarely; most causes of death leave no trace on bone
c) in the case of particularly aggressive disease
d) never
Q:
Most human remains recovered by archaeologists are in the form of
a) mummies
b) bog bodies
c) skeletons or bones
d) impressions of decayed burials
e) hairs that have been preserved
Q:
The study of dental morphology, genetic anomalies of the teeth, can help archaeologists determine if two individuals
a) were related
b) could have been cannibals
c) were married to each other
d) are part of the same culture
e) all of the above
Q:
Through the best efforts of experts, the chances of identifying the right sex of a child based only on skeletal remains are
a) one in a hundred
b) 100%
c) 50:50
d) one in a thousand
e) 75%
Q:
Because pottery is still widely made around the world, it is a particularly good focus area for ethnoarchaeological research.
Q:
Archaeologists know for sure that stone was the most important material to people of the Paleolithic; they never made wood or bone implements.
Q:
In the United States, the survey or assessment in reference to a phase of major development includes
a) archaeological survey
b) studying the impact to wildlife
c) research into the recent history of the area
d) all of the above
e) a and c only
Q:
So-called "Preservation Laws" in the United States
a) force the complete preservation of all archaeological sites
b) will always value archaeological sites, even minor ones, over development
c) do not guarantee that archaeological remains will be preserved
d) do not call for archaeological excavation in any case
e) do not exist
Q:
The international body behind the World Heritage List and the principal international convention against the illicit trafficking of antiquities is
a) ICOMOS
b) ICROM
c) UNESCO
d) CRM
e) GIS
Q:
Most archaeological survey and data recovery related to CRM work in the US is done by
a) private archaeology firms
b) archaeologists who are federal employees
c) undergraduate students
d) university professors
e) members of the public with no archaeology training
Q:
In the United States, CRM programs are run in
a) state governments
b) federal agencies
c) academic institutions
d) private consulting firms
e) all of the above
Q:
The Great Temple of Tenochtitln was destroyed by
a) an earthquake
b) a flood
c) architectural instability
d) the conquistadores
e) the invading Inca
Q:
A fundamental principle of heritage management is
a) the conservation of the archaeological record
b) the prevention of commercial and industrial development
c) the repatriation of archaeological objects
d) the publication of archaeological findings
e) all of the above
Q:
The most effective way that commercial development in sensitive archaeological areas can be avoided is through
a) effective planning legislation
b) protest and resistance
c) clandestine digging
d) a long series of suits and other litigation
e) all of the above
Q:
England's first inspector of Ancient Monuments, who was selected in 1882, was
a) Sir Mortimer Wheeler
b) Augustus Lane Fox Pitt-Rivers
c) Graham Hancock
d) Ignatius Donnelly
e) Kathleen Kenyon
Q:
Assessments in advance of development require mapping with the aid of
a) GPR
b) NAGPRA
c) GIS
d) LANSAT
e) all of the above
Q:
Looters have destroyed a full 90% of sites from the Classic period of the Mimbres culture in the American Southwest.
Q:
The return of human remains or other artifacts to their country of culture of origin is called
a) colonialism
b) repatriation
c) preservation
d) restoration
e) reconstruction
Q:
The Sevso Treasure, an assemblage of late Roman silver, was acquired by the Marquess of Northampton, but is considered too obviously looted to be sold. The Sevso Treasure has been claimed by
a) Russia
b) Hungary
c) The U.K.
d) France
e) Italy
Q:
Excavation of human burials is a complex ethical issue in archaeology because
a) human remains contain diseases that can make archaeologists sick
b) many modern and ancient cultures frown on the disturbance of the dead
c) burials are usually quite hard to locate and archaeologists have to do a lot of digging to find them
d) legally, ancient remains, like modern ones, must be thoroughly investigated for foul play by the local police force
e) the body might be protected by an ancient curse that could endanger archaeologists
Q:
It is important that archaeological information be disseminated to the wider public. Which of the following have been used by archaeologists to popularize the human past
a) museum exhibits
b) the internet
c) television
d) all of the above
e) a and c only
Q:
Archaeological fraud perpetrated by __________, who was found to have planted artifacts at all of the 168 sites he excavated, may have had a serious impact on how we understand the Early Paleolithic in _________
a) Ignatius Donnelly; Greece
b) Heinrich Schliemann; Turkey
c) Thomas Jefferson; The United States
d) Shinichi Fujimura; Japan
e) Piltdown Man; China
Q:
There are certain areas where archaeological reality and evidence clashes with harmless popular belief, and archaeologists must question whether they should respect these beliefs or focus on refuting. An example of just such an ethically challenging situation is
a) when an author is trying to sell a book that makes false claims about the past and accuses archaeologists of keeping secret information about the public
b) when false ideas about the ancient past are being used to fuel racism and hate
c) when a major archaeological site is destroyed because those in charge of the country belong to an extremist religion
d) when aboriginal and Indigenous religions or oral history are at odds with archaeological interpretation
e) none of the above
Q:
Despite its name, evolutionary archaeology has very little to do with the ideas of biological evolution.