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Question
List and describe at least three typical aggravating and mitigating circumstances judges may consider in arriving at sentencing decisions in presumptive sentencing jurisdictions. Compare the pros and cons for each circumstance.Answer
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Related questions
Q:
Privatization of prisons is a hot topic in today's discussion of inmate incarceration. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages for privatizing prisons? Comment on and analyze your views about privatization, supporting your opinions with examples and facts.
Q:
Which of the following cases supports the decision by Congress to deny bail to offenders who represent a danger to the community?
a. McNabb v.U.S.
b. U.S. v. Montalvo-Murillo
c. Sell v.U.S.
d. U.S. v. Hazzard
Q:
What term describes an offense not yet completed?
a. misdemeanor
b. inchoate
c. treason
d. espionage
Q:
Today's jails serve many different purposes. Other than holding suspects following arrest and pending trial, explain and define three of additional purposes they serve.
Q:
Which of the following laws limits the right to bail for certain kinds of offenders?
a. judicial concern law
b. offender law
c. detention law
d. danger law
Q:
Approximately ________ of all state-level felony defendants are released before trial.
a. 83%
b. 57 %
c. 91%
d. 10%
Q:
Bob consigned all of his stock holdings to the court as collateral against pretrial flight. What type of bail did he post?
a. unsecured bond
b. signature bond
c. deposit bail
d. property bond
Q:
________ is the philosophy of law.
a. Mens rea
b. The penal code
c. Jurisprudence
d. The M"Naghten rule
Q:
A document guaranteeing the appearance of a defendant in court as required and recording the pledge of money or property to be paid to the court if he or she does not appear is known as a(n) ________.
a. bail bond
b. unsecured bond
c. property bond
d. signature bond
Q:
Which of the following is an excuse defense?
a. consent
b. duress
c. necessity
d. double jeopardy
Q:
A woman is accused of murdering her brother. She claims that she stabbed her brother to release the evil spirits within his body. The excuse defense that would most likely be used at her trial is ________.
a. duress
b. insanity
c. coercion
d. provocation
Q:
Tax laws, building codes, and health codes are examples of what type of law?
a. criminal law
b. procedural law
c. administrative law
d. natural law
Q:
Which of the following cases is an example where the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of antipsychotic drugs on a nonviolent offender who does not represent a danger while institutionalized must be in the defendant's best medical interest?
a. U.S. v. Hazzar
b. Sell v.U.S.
c. Marbury v. Madison
d. Herrera v.Collins
Q:
When did many states adopt Objective Prison Classification Systems?
a.1950s
b. 1980s
c. 1920s
d. 1990s
Q:
In its written form, the criminal law is also known as ________.
a. administrative law
b. civil law
c. substantive law
d. penal law
Q:
Which of the following violations is NOT a misdemeanor?
a. disturbing the peace
b. being disorderly in public
c. simple assault
d. robbery
Q:
What is the maxim that an orderly society must be governed by established principles known as?
a. rule of law
b. inchoate
c. body of crime
d. common law
Q:
Which Supreme Court case held that overcrowding in prisons is not by itself cruel and unusual punishment?
a. Rhodes v. Chapman
b. Bell v. Wolfish
c. Schall v. Martin
d. Holt v. Sarver
Q:
In some instances, state courts will hear cases involving alleged violations of federal law.
Q:
Harm occurs in any crime, although not all harms are crimes.
Q:
The purpose of a preliminary hearing is to determine the guilt of a defendant.
Q:
Gun crime and debate about gun control was brought to a heightened discussion in 2012 because of several mass murders. Comment on the role of gun control and the constitutional guarantees of the right to bear arms. Include analysis of the Newtown and Aurora shootings and the effect they had on the communities and gun control.
Q:
There is a new type of crime called flash robs. Define and explain the how it works, how many people are involved, and the issues facing store employees and owners.
Q:
Most people processed through the country's jails are white.
Q:
The justice model of imprisonment is based on the principle of just deserts.
Q:
A research project on female officers in Massachusetts found that female officers ________.
a. see themselves as police officers first, women second
b. are extremely devoted to their work
c. had no trouble balancing child-rearing and their jobs
d. are more satisfied with their job when working in uniformed capacities
Q:
The theft of farm animals would be classified as ________.
a. larceny-theft
b. burglary
c. robbery
d. motor vehicle theft
Q:
According to the Status of Women in Policing Survey, about what percentage of women fill all sworn law enforcement positions nationwide?
a. 62
b. 50
c. 13
d. 25
Q:
Which of the following is true of better-educated police officers?
a. Educated officers are less likely to have disciplinary problems.
b. Educated officers are less likely to leave police work.
c. Educated officers are less likely to question orders.
d. Educated officers are less likely to request reassignment within the department.
Q:
Which of the following is a civil suit brought against federal government officials for denying the constitutional rights to life, liberty, or property without due process of law?
a. 1983 lawsuit
b. Federal Rehabilitation Act
c. Federal Tort Claims Act
d. Bivens action