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Question
Many studies have been conducted on the effects of having a pet on the response to medical problems and on mental health. But doctors in Berlin were interested in the effects of having a pet bird on lung cancer. (I assume they were wondering if birds might cause air pollution that could lead to lung cancer.) They asked 239 patients with lung cancer and 429 controls without lung cancer whether they had a pet bird. Ninety eight of the 239 patients did have a bird, while 101 of the 429 controls had a bird. (That strikes me as a very high percentage of bird owners, but those are the data.)Why would it be wrong to calculate relative risk in this study?
a) The study is a retrospective study.
b) Relative risk rarely tells us anything.
c) Risk is not a meaningful concept in this study.
d) both b and c
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
58 What happens to the standard deviation when a constant is added to each score? Use the following set of data, and a constant of 2 to illustrate your answer.
1 2 3 4
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55 Based on the same data, calculate:
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b) The median
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d) The upper hinge
e) The lower hinge
f) H spread
g) Lower fence
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a) interquartile range
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c) range
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44 Algebraically, the mean = (ï“X)2/N.
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35 Which of the following is probably most useful in studies in which extreme scores sometimes occur but have no real practical significance?
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28 For the following data set [1, 9, 9, 9, 11, 28], which of the following is false?
a) The mode is 9.
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21 Suppose a sample of children reported how many voices they heard in their heads on a particular day, and that hearing voices was a relatively uncommon experience. In this case the mode
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18 is the symbol commonly used for the
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13 The chief advantage of the median is that
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b) it is best used with nominal scales.
c) *it is not disproportionately affected by extreme scores.
d) it is the most commonly occurring score.
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11+ Given the numbers 6 7 9 11 15 71 86, how many numbers fall below the median?
a) 3
b) 11
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d) 6, 7, 9, and 11
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36 Multiple regression analysis yielded the following regression equation:
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a) 11.7
b) 10
c) 16
d) -3
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2+ Assume that we generated a prediction just by adding together the number of stressful events you report experiencing over the last month, the number of close friends you have, and your score on a measure assessing how much control you feel you have over events in your life (i.e., prediction = stress + friends + control). The regression coefficient for stressful events would be
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c) 0.0
d) There is no way to know.
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20+ When we think in terms of standardized data, the slope represents
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b) the number of standard deviations will differ for a one standard deviation difference in X.
c) the height of the regression line.
d) 0.
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17 In the equation = 12.6 X + 5
a) a difference of one unit in X will lead to a 5 point difference in the prediction.
b) will decrease as X increases.
c) the correlation is certain to be significant.
d) a difference of one unit in X will lead to a 12.6 point difference in the prediction.
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13 The "best fitting line" is that regression line that
a) minimizes the errors of prediction.
b) minimizes each squared error of prediction.
c) minimizes the sum of squared errors of prediction.
d) hits the most points as it goes through the scatterplot.