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Question
Many studies have been conducted on the effects of having a pet on the response to medical problems and on mental health. But doctors in Berlin were interested in the effects of having a pet bird on lung cancer. (I assume they were wondering if birds might cause air pollution that could lead to lung cancer.) They asked 239 patients with lung cancer and 429 controls without lung cancer whether they had a pet bird. Ninety eight of the 239 patients did have a bird, while 101 of the 429 controls had a bird. (That strikes me as a very high percentage of bird owners, but those are the data.)What assumptions would need to underlie our analysis for this experiment?
a) The observations are independent.
b) There is no correlation between the variables.
c) Expected values would be normally distributed.
d) both a and c
Answer
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Related questions
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58 What happens to the standard deviation when a constant is added to each score? Use the following set of data, and a constant of 2 to illustrate your answer.
1 2 3 4
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d) The upper hinge
e) The lower hinge
f) H spread
g) Lower fence
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a) interquartile range
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c) range
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44 Algebraically, the mean = (ï“X)2/N.
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35 Which of the following is probably most useful in studies in which extreme scores sometimes occur but have no real practical significance?
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21 Suppose a sample of children reported how many voices they heard in their heads on a particular day, and that hearing voices was a relatively uncommon experience. In this case the mode
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18 is the symbol commonly used for the
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13 The chief advantage of the median is that
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d) it is the most commonly occurring score.
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11+ Given the numbers 6 7 9 11 15 71 86, how many numbers fall below the median?
a) 3
b) 11
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d) 6, 7, 9, and 11
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36 Multiple regression analysis yielded the following regression equation:
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b) 10
c) 16
d) -3
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2+ Assume that we generated a prediction just by adding together the number of stressful events you report experiencing over the last month, the number of close friends you have, and your score on a measure assessing how much control you feel you have over events in your life (i.e., prediction = stress + friends + control). The regression coefficient for stressful events would be
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c) 0.0
d) There is no way to know.
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b) the number of standard deviations will differ for a one standard deviation difference in X.
c) the height of the regression line.
d) 0.
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17 In the equation = 12.6 X + 5
a) a difference of one unit in X will lead to a 5 point difference in the prediction.
b) will decrease as X increases.
c) the correlation is certain to be significant.
d) a difference of one unit in X will lead to a 12.6 point difference in the prediction.
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13 The "best fitting line" is that regression line that
a) minimizes the errors of prediction.
b) minimizes each squared error of prediction.
c) minimizes the sum of squared errors of prediction.
d) hits the most points as it goes through the scatterplot.