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Question
Name and describe the functions of the four major sphincter muscles that divide the GI tract into its principal regions.
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
a. B-cells k. Thrombus
b. T-cells l. Aneurysm
c. Stroke m. Metastasis
d. Tumor n. Acrylamide
e. Plaque o. Macrophages
f. Initiator p. Heart disease
g. Platelets q. Atherosclerosis
h. Embolus r. Type 1 diabetes
i. Promoter s. Type 2 diabetes
j. Gangrene t. Immunoglobulin
1)Immune cells that produce antibodies
2)Immune cells that attack antigens
3)A type of protein that can act as an antibody
4)Immune cells that practice phagocytosis
5)The primary cause of death in the United States
6)Disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids on the inner arterial walls
7)An accumulation of lipid material embedded in arterial walls
8)A blood clot that has broken loose and circulates in the bloodstream
9)A blood clot that is attached to arterial plaque
10)Small, cell-like bodies required for formation of a blood clot
11)The bulging of an artery commonly caused by elevated blood pressure
12)Consequence of a clot that stops blood flow to the brain
11)This type of diabetes is always controlled by insulin injections
14)This type of diabetes is usually controlled without insulin injections
15)Term that describes the death of tissue due to deficient blood supply, common in severe cases of diabetes
16)When cancers spread to other tissues of the body
17)An abnormal mass of cells
18)Substance or event that gives rise to a cancer
19)Substance that favors cancer development after cellular DNA has been altered
20)A carcinogen in fried potato products
Q:
A clot that breaks free from an artery wall and travels through the circulatory system until it lodges in a small artery and suddenly shuts off blood flow to the tissues is called a(n) ____________________.
Q:
The abnormal bulging of a blood vessel wall is called a(n) ____________________ .
Q:
The excessive thirst common in diabetes is known as a. hydration. b. polyuresis. c. polydipsia. d. hyperhydration. e. paradoxical thirst.
Q:
A complication of diabetes is blurry vision, which results from swelling of the lenses of the eye caused by conversion of excess glucose to a. sugar alcohols. b. glycated fructose. c. long-chain ketones. d. glycated corneal membranes. e. glycoproteins.
Q:
Which of the following conditions is characterized by insulin resistance of fat cells? a. Hypoglycemia b. Atherosclerosis c. Type 1 diabetes d. Type 2 diabetes e. Juvenile diabetes
Q:
Diuretics act to lower blood pressure by a. increasing fluid loss. b. decreasing potassium loss. c. reducing arterial plaque formation. d. increasing retention of calcium and potassium. e. increasing stroke volume.
Q:
Which of the following is the most likely reason that a blood pressure reading should be repeated before confirming a diagnosis of hypertension? a. The person reacted emotionally to the procedure. b. Blood pressure measuring devices often give inaccurate readings. c. The cuff of the blood pressure measuring device was wrapped too tightly on the arm. d. The cuff of the blood pressure measuring device was wrapped too loosely on the arm. e. The person failed to fast before the test was performed.
Q:
Approximately what proportion of people in the United States are believed to have hypertension? a. 1/10 b. 1/5 c. 1/4 d. 1/3 e. 1/2
Q:
What blood cholesterol carrier is of greatest concern in atherosclerosis? a. HDL b. LDL c. HDK d. VLDK e. NK
Q:
What disease accounts for the majority of deaths in U.S. women? a. Diabetes b. Lung cancer c. Breast cancer d. Coronary heart disease e. Stroke
Q:
A significant reduction in blood flow to the brain is termed a. angina. b. a stroke. c. a vascular event. d. metabolic syndrome. e. Chiari event.
Q:
What is the term given to the accumulation of lipid material mixed with smooth muscle cells and calcium that develops in the artery walls? a. Plaques b. Angina streaks c. Arterial thickening d. Pre-thromboemboli e. Lipid tangles
Q:
Of the ten leading causes of illness and death, how many are associated directly with nutrition? a. one b. two c. four d. five e. eight
Q:
The process by which immune cells engulf and then destroy bacteria is known as a. bactocytosis. b. phagocytosis. c. cytotoxicosis. d. immunoglobinemia. e. immunocytosis.
Q:
Why are the elderly especially vulnerable to adverse drug-nutrient interactions?
Q:
Discuss the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of cataracts and macular degeneration.
Q:
List the factors that increase the risk for vitamin B12 and iron deficiency in older adults.
Q:
What percentage of all prescription drugs sold in the United States is taken by people over 65 years of age? a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40 e. 50
Q:
Which of the following types of diets has been shown to prevent or reduce arthritis inflammation? a. High in simple sugars, low in canned fruit b. High in animal protein, low in canned fruit c. Low in polyunsaturated fat, high in oleic acid d. Low in saturated fat, high in omega-3 fatty acids e. High in animal protein and both omega-3 fatty acids and oleic acid
Q:
What are the thickenings that occur to the lenses of the eye, thereby affecting vision, especially in the elderly? a. Retinitis b. Keratoids c. Cataracts d. Rhodolipids e. Glaucoma
Q:
Which of the following is a feature of zinc nutrition in the elderly? a. Zinc intake is insufficient in older people. b. Excess zinc from supplements blunts the taste buds. c. Zinc deficiency stimulates the appetite for high-fat foods. d. Most medications affect zinc excretion but not absorption. e. Excess zinc increases the risk of pneumonia.
Q:
Which of the following is a feature of calcium nutrition in the elderly? a. The DRI is 800-1000 mg. b. Calcium intakes are well below recommendations. c. Calcium supplements are not effective sources of calcium due to poor digestibility. d. Calcium from food is not well absorbed due to the intake of calcium-binding laxatives. e. An elderly individual who lacks sufficient calcium stores can rarely be helped by supplementation.
Q:
Adults aged 71 and older who engage in minimal outdoor activity need ____ micrograms of vitamin D daily. a. 15 b. 20 c. 25 d. 30 e. 35
Q:
What is the minimum number of glasses of water per day recommended for older adults? a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10 e. 12
Q:
A person who is edentulous has a. no teeth. b. low immunity. c. difficulty swallowing. d. diminished muscle mass. e. limited lower body mobility.
Q:
Which of the following terms describes an immune system that is inefficient and overactive in the aged? a. Inflammaging b. Dysphagic cell mass c. Sarcopenic undermining d. Endentulous-induced wasting e. Cachexia of aging
Q:
Which of the following is a proposed mechanism for energy restriction and improved longevity in animals? a. Reduced oxidative stress b. Increased metabolic rate c. Enhanced lipid oxidation d. Accelerated growth and development e. Decreased physiologic arousal to stress
Q:
What is the most important predictor of a person's mobility in the later years?
a. BMI
b. Alcohol use
c. Chronological age
d. Regular physical activity
e. Good genes
Q:
What would be the physiological age of a 75-year-old woman whose physical health is equivalent to that of her 50-year-old daughter, whose physical health is average for her age?
a. 25 years b. 50 years c. 70 years
d. 125 years