Q&A Hero

Q: A country's communications, transportation, financial, and distribution systems are considered to be itsA. capital improvements.B. fixed-asset base.C. economic infrastructure.D. geopolitical wealth.E. asset wealth.

Q: Kit Kat Bar Photo Consider the Kit Kat bar photo above. Kit Kat bars are marketed by Nestl worldwide. Kit Kat is pronounced "kitto katsu" in Japanese, which roughly translates to "surely win." Japanese teens eat Kit Kat bars for good luck, particularly when taking crucial school exams. This positive result might have been eliminated had the company used __________ and felt it necessary to use a name without an additional meaning. A. intentional transliteration B. semantic symbolism C. back translation D. semantic analysis E. linguistic exchange

Q: A Tokyo shopkeeper would have been wise to use __________ to verify the accuracy of the new sign in English he purchased for his dry cleaning business. The sign read, "Drop your pants here for best results," which he did not know had another suggestive meaning to native speakers.A. cultural symbolismB. dialect transformationC. semantic analysisD. linguistic exchangeE. back translation

Q: Canada has two official languages, which areA. English and Japanese.B. English and Spanish.C. English and French.D. English and Italian.E. English and German.

Q: Parthenon Photo The Parthenon, shown in the photo above, evokes strong feelings from consumers in Greece and is referred to as the "holy rock." Coca Cola marketers did not respect that this __________, when used in a marketing campaign by replacing the columns with Coke bottles, would arouse such an angry response in that country. A. cultural symbol B. anthropomorphic code C. back translation D. semantic representation E. civil analysis

Q: By skillfully using __________, global marketers can tie positive meanings to their products, services, and brands to enhance their attractiveness to consumers.A. cultural symbolsB. visual iconsC. trademarksD. brand namesE. ethnic emblems

Q: A researcher studying the fact that in some nations black is a sign of mourning while in others white is a sign of mourning would be studyingA. semiotics.B. semantics.C. semaphorics.D. cultural symbolism.E. cultural linguistics.

Q: Semiotics refers toA. a field of study in marketing linguistics that identifies the connotative meanings behind words in order to create the most effective product or brand names.B. a field of study in marketing linguistics that identifies the connotative meanings behind words in order to create the most effective advertising messages.C. a field of study that examines the correspondence between symbols and their role in the assignment of meaning for people.D. a field of linguistics that translates words into internationally recognized symbols to help companies carry their product message across international boundaries.E. the practice where a translated word or phrase is retranslated into the original language by a different interpreter to catch errors.

Q: Cultural symbols are things thatA. can be protected by international copyrights.B. cannot be expressed by words or characters.C. represent values that exist solely within a nation.D. represent words through the use of pictures or designs.E. represent ideas and concepts.

Q: Cultural symbols refer toA. ideas that can be protected by international copyrights.B. ideas that cannot be expressed by words or characters.C. things that represent values that exist solely within a nation.D. things that represent ideas and concepts.E. words that represent pictures or designs.

Q: The law, amended by the International Anti-Dumping and Fair Competition Act, that makes it a crime for U.S. corporations to bribe an official of a foreign government or political party to obtain or retain business in a foreign country, is referred to as theA. International Law for Egalitarian Ethics Act.B. International Fair Practices Act.C. Law of International Equity Act.D. International Law of Ethical Business Practices Act.E. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

Q: The Foreign Corrupt Practices ActA. makes it a crime for U.S. corporations to bribe an official of a foreign government or political party to obtain or retain business in a foreign country.B. has different levels of punishment based upon the wealth of the host nation.C. regulates only the behavior of U.S. businesses conducting business within the United States.D. makes the theft of trade secrets by foreign entities a federal crime in the United States.E. is a unilateral agreement the United States made with several developing nations.

Q: Which of the following statements about bribery is most accurate?A. Bribes, kickbacks, and payoffs offered to entice someone to commit an illegal or improper act are deemed corrupt in some cultures but not in others.B. The world's major exporting nations have agreed to treat bribery of foreign government officials as a violation of trade agreements.C. Bribes paid to foreign companies is in some cases a tax-deductible expense in the U.S.D. It is a crime for U.S. corporations to bribe an official of a foreign government or political party unless pre-approved by the Federal Trade Commission.E. It is illegal for a U.S. corporation to bribe an official of a foreign government or political party to obtain or retain business in a foreign country.

Q: Customs refer toA. what is considered normal and expected about the way people do things in a specific country.B. those actions or activities within a community that are unique or distinctly different from any other group.C. actions or behaviors that are repeated over time and carry a specific meaning to a unique group, nationality, or ethnicity.D. traditions among a group of people, a nation, or ethnicity that affect their purchase behaviors.E. what would be considered unusual or unexpected, and even unacceptable, about the way people do things in a specific country.

Q: Almost all countries have some division of social class (upper, middle, and lower). The determining factor for the assignment to one of these classes may differ from country to country. For example, in the United States, the primary determining factor is occupation; in India, it is birthright; in China, it is geographical region and education; and in Singapore, it is income. These differences are best explained in terms of a country'sA. semiotics.B. legal system.C. ethnocentricity.D. religion.E. values.

Q: Values refer toA. personally or socially held core beliefs that are consistent within a given culture.B. the beliefs that dictate a person's behavior, which are often derived from a religious code of conduct.C. personally or socially preferable modes of conduct or states of existence that tend to persist over time.D. the innate sense of what a person considers to be right or wrong in terms of his or her own conduct when dealing with others.E. those personality traits regarding honesty and integrity that have been passed down from generation to generation.

Q: A thorough cross-cultural analysis involves an understanding of and an appreciation of all of the following EXCEPT:A. economics.B. symbols.C. values.D. languages.E. customs.

Q: For the marketer, a thorough __________ involves an understanding of and an appreciation for the values, customs, symbols, and language of other societies.A. market synthesisB. international sociographic studyC. anthropological examinationD. cross-cultural analysisE. ethnocentrism assessment

Q: Cross-cultural analysis refers to the study ofA. the subgroups within the larger, or national, culture with unique values, ideas, and attitudes.B. the set of values, ideas, and attitudes that are learned and shared among the consumers of a country.C. the similarities and differences among consumers in two or more nations or societies.D. the buying behaviors within a given nation to identify similarities and differences among individuals.E. the buying behaviors within a given nation that links a person's actions to the cultural group with which he or she identify most.

Q: The Economic Espionage ActA. allows the World Court in The Hague to adjudicate trade disputes on behalf of United Nations' members and requires the home country to impose any penalties.B. imposes a personal fine on a convicted U.S. citizen of up to $10 million.C. targets espionage activities that are commonplace in any industry that holds governmental contracts.D. makes the theft of trade secrets by foreign entities a federal crime in the U.S.E. is well-intended in theory, but is virtually impossible to enforce.

Q: The use of __________ as a tool for exchanging goods, services, and information on a global scale is one of the trends that has affected world trade.A. buying centersB. Internet technologyC. language translatorsD. tariff and quota policiesE. multinational marketing strategies

Q: Around the world, middle-class, youth, and elite markets that consume similar assortments of products and services, regardless of geographic location, are referred to asA. transnational consumers.B. meganational consumers.C. international consumers.D. multinational consumers.E. global consumers.

Q: Global consumers refer toA. all potential consumers for any and all products or services regardless of cultural, ethnic, or national origins.B. customers within a nation who consider the entire world a single marketplace.C. consumer groups living in many countries or regions of the world who have similar needs or seek similar features and benefits from products or services.D. consumer groups living in many countries or regions of the world that have similar needs but seek customized features and benefits from products or services that reflect their individual cultures.E. multinational organizations whose products incorporate raw materials, assembly, and distribution contributions from multiple nations before they are marketed.

Q: Which of the following statements about global brands is most accurate?A. A global brand has centrally coordinated marketing programs.B. A global brand is marketed under different names but uses identical ads for all markets.C. A global brand alters the product formulation or service for each geographical region.D. A global brand delivers multiple benefits based on the GDP of each country.E. A global brand is a collaborative effort among several different national firms.

Q: Which of the following statements regarding global brands is most accurate?A. A global brand has dispersed marketing centers, each of which is responsible for a specific region.B. A global brand is marketed under the same name in multiple countries.C. A global brand alters the brand name for each dialect in a geographical region.D. A global brand delivers multiple benefits to the GDP of each country.E. A global brand is a collaborative effort among several different transnational firms.

Q: A global brand refers toA. two or more domestic products that coincidentally share the same brand name but represent two completely unrelated products.B. two or more international products that coincidentally share the same brand name but represent two completely unrelated products.C. a brand marketed under the same name in multiple countries with similar and centrally coordinated marketing programs.D. a brand that is essentially the same but that has had minor adaptations made to meet the more specific needs of different nations.E. a brand marketed under different names in multiple countries with similar and centrally coordinated marketing programs.

Q: A global marketing strategy refers toA. the strategy used by multinational firms that have as many different product variations, brand names, and advertising programs as countries in which they do business.B. the strategy of transnational firms not to employ adaptive marketing techniques when there are cultural differences, but to redirect their marketing resources towards customer education.C. the strategy of transnational firms that employ the practice of standardizing marketing activities when there are cultural similarities and adapting them when cultures differ.D. the global strategy of seeking out already established firms in other nations and selling them the rights to manufacture and distribute the firm's products through a host nation's local businesses.E. the strategy currently used by most U.S. domestic firms that when entering a new international market, these firms offer only those products that require the least amount of product adaptation.

Q: Disney employed a(n) __________ marketing strategy for its Disneyland Paris, particularly when it came to the eateries in the park. These restaurants featured recipes that were revised for local tastes, alcoholic beverages (not permitted in previous parks), and increased outdoor seating.A. globalB. transnationalC. multidomesticD. meganationalE. international

Q: A multidomestic marketing strategy refers toA. the strategy of transnational firms that employ the practice of standardizing marketing activities when there are cultural similarities and adapting them when cultures differ.B. the strategy used by firms that use the same product variations, brand names, and advertising programs for every country in which they do business.C. the strategy used by firms that have as many different product variations, brand names, and advertising programs as countries in which they do business.D. the strategy of seeking out already established firms in other nations and selling them the rights to manufacture and distribute the firm's products.E. the strategy currently used by most U.S. domestic firms that when entering a new international market, these firms offer only those products that require the least amount of product adaptation.

Q: Unilever markets its Snuggle fabric softener differently to different parts of the world. Unilever is a(n) __________ firm.A. ethnocentricB. multinationalC. transnationalD. globalE. international

Q: Coca-Cola has operations in all but three nations in the world and Pepsi-Cola is now available in more than 160 countries and territories, making the soft drink industry an example ofA. global competition.B. acculturation.C. free trade.D. global branding.E. transactional exchange.

Q: Global competition exists whenA. a firm produces and markets its products domestically rather than globally.B. firms originate, produce, and market their products and services worldwide.C. two firms from two different countries compete for market share in a single domestic market.D. two or more firms from different nations combine their resources to market products in a single domestic market.E. the firm from one nation dominates the market for its product in every nation.

Q: CAFTA-DR, a comprehensive free trade agreement between Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and __________.A. the United StatesB. PanamaC. BelizeD. CubaE. Mexico

Q: Pan-European marketing strategies are possible becauseA. there is a legally binding code of economic conduct.B. there are effective countermeasures for protectionism.C. there are fewer regulatory restrictions on transportation, advertising, and promotion.D. there is a common language advantage among EU consumers.E. most companies within the EU are engaging in strategic global partnerships.

Q: The EU has benefited firms in its member nations becauseA. it provides a safe haven in times of world economic crises.B. there is a common language advantage among EU consumers.C. most companies within the EU are engaging in strategic global partnerships.D. there is now a legally binding code of economic conduct.E. firms do not need to market their products and services on a nation-by-nation basis.

Q: The European Union (EU) has been beneficial to electronic commerce because it is no longer necessary toA. use multiple languages when settling accounts for purchases made across borders.B. continually monitor currency exchange rates among participating nations.C. trade with the former Eastern European communist countries.D. obey international e-trade regulations.E. use the American dollar as the economic standard.

Q: To eliminate the need to continually monitor currency exchange rates, __________ of the countries in the European Union (EU) have adopted a common currency called the euro.A. 11B. 16C. 20D. 28E. 32

Q: The European Union (EU) in early 2015 consisted of 28 countries with more than 500 million consumers. The EU has eliminated most barriers to the free flow of products, capital, and labor across its borders. Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the EU?A. LatviaB. GreeceC. IrelandD. SwitzerlandE. England

Q: The World Trade Organization (WTO) refers toA. the world's largest banking institution responsible for establishing and maintaining equitable exchange rates for all member nations.B. the world's largest licensing institution responsible for the certification of products distributed to a global market.C. an institution that sets rules governing trade between its members through panels of trade experts who decide on trade disputes between members and issue binding decisions.D. a multinational trade organization composed of the world's wealthiest nations whose primary purpose is to aid in the economic growth of developing nations.E. a multinational trade organization comprised of the world's wealthiest nations whose primary purpose is to promote free trade economies.

Q: An institution that sets rules governing trade between its members through a panel of trade experts who decide on trade disputes between members and issue binding decisions is referred to as the __________.A. League of NationsB. World Trade Organization (WTO)C. Association for Commerce Equity (ACE)D. United Nations Board of Trade (UNBT)E. Global Better Business Bureau (BBB-G)

Q: Russia currently has a limit on pork of 400,000 metric tons annually that can be imported from any country. This restriction would be considered aA. tariff.B. trade imbalance.C. excise tax.D. quota.E. subsidy.

Q: The world's largest manufacturer of peppermint candy canes was located in Albany, Georgia, until it could no longer afford to buy the sugar needed for its operation. It moved its manufacturing business to Mexico where there are no restrictions (like those that existed in the United States) on the amount of sugar that can be brought into the nation. The business moved to Mexico because of a(n) __________ established by the U.S. government.A. tariffB. trade imbalanceC. excise taxD. subsidyE. quota

Q: A quota refers toA. a government tax on products or services entering a country that primarily serves to raise prices on imports.B. government payments to companies or industries that serve to lower costs and provide a competitive advantage to domestic industries.C. a restriction placed on the amount of a product allowed to enter or leave a country.D. a minimum requirement for the purchase of specific products or services between two nations.E. a refusal to purchase or exchange products or services with another nation unless certain financial or ideological requirements have been satisfied.

Q: Whirlpool recently asked the United States to impose __________ on washing machine imports made by LG Electronics and Samsung Electronics, both South Korean companies, to raise the price of these products. Whirlpool accused these companies of selling below fair market value and receiving anticompetitive export subsidies from their governments, both of which could jeopardize American jobs.A. boycottsB. quotasC. sanctionsD. tariffsE. embargoes

Q: If you wanted to set up a business importing amber jewelry from Latvia to the United States, you would have to plan on paying the U.S. Customs Service roughly 20 percent of the value of the product as a(n) __________.A. bribeB. tariffC. subsidyD. excise taxE. quota

Q: The __________ imposed on imported bananas by European Union countries cost consumers $2 billion a year in higher prices.A. boycottsB. quotasC. sanctionsD. subsidiesE. tariffs

Q: Tariffs refer toA. government payments to companies or industries that primarily serve to create competitive advantage for domestic products.B. government taxes on products or services entering a country that primarily serve to raise prices on imports.C. a restriction placed on the amount of a product allowed to enter or leave a country.D. a minimum requirement for the purchase between two or more nations of products or services.E. a refusal to purchase or exchange products or services with another nation unless certain financial or ideological requirements have been satisfied.

Q: Government taxes on products or services entering a country that primarily serve to raise prices on imports are referred to asA. tariffs.B. quotas.C. WTO taxes.D. foreign excise taxes.E. trade subsidies.

Q: Figure 6-1 The question mark in Figure 6-1 above leads to which of the following as a result of the imposition of tariffs and quotas? A. an increase world trade B. a decrease world trade C. a limit on exports D. a limit on import E. countertrade

Q: Figure 6-1 The question mark in Figure 6-1 above which results from the imposition of tariffs and quotas is referred to as A. domestic imperialism. B. protectionism. C. blocked competition. D. import taxation. E. trade restriction.

Q: Which of the following issues raises concerns about the ethics of protectionism?A. Competitive advantage grows out of continuous improvement.B. Small firms succeed in foreign niche markets.C. Tariffs have declined from an average of 40 percent to less than 5 percent.D. Regional trade agreements provide preferential treatment for member nations.E. Pan-European marketing strategies are possible due to greater uniformity in packaging standards.

Q: Recently, the United States imposed a 35% tariff on Chinese tire imports in hopes of sustaining U.S. jobs in tire manufacturing. This addition of tariffs is an example ofA. imposing the rule of eminent domain.B. increasing ethnocentrism.C. enhancing domestic imperialism.D. increasing protectionism.E. slowing countertrade.

Q: Those in favor of protectionism argue that itA. helps reduce tariffs and quotas.B. encourages the development of domestic industries.C. encourages economic reliance on foreign countries.D. creates opportunities for the outsourcing of domestic jobs.E. creates a more favorable environment for a global economy.

Q: The argument for protectionism is that itA. protects a nation's political security.B. encourages economic reliance on foreign countries.C. inhibits the development of domestic industries.D. creates opportunities for the outsourcing of domestic jobs.E. creates a more favorable environment for a global economy.

Q: Protectionism refers toA. the practice of purchasing products exclusively from a domestic market in order to shore up a nation's economy.B. the use of tariffs, quotas, and boycotts with the express intention of putting foreign competitors out of business.C. the practice of shielding one or more sectors of a country's economy from foreign competition through the use of tariffs or quotas.D. a form of domestic imperialism that holds that only those products manufactured within one's home nation are of sufficient quality to warrant purchase.E. the practice of purchasing products exclusively from a foreign developing country in order to develop its industries and economic infrastructure.

Q: Five trends in the past decade have significantly influenced the landscape of global marketing. One of them isA. an increase in economic protectionism and a decline free trade.B. a more aggressive attitude towards initiating international tariffs and quota systems.C. a decrease in most countries' GDPs and a renewal of nationalism.D. the growing prevalence of economic espionage.E. an increase in most countries' GDPs coupled with an increased degree of consumer ethnocentrism.

Q: Why did Dell, Inc., embark on a global growth initiative?A. U.S. sales had decreased.B. Dell was recently purchased by Lenovo, a major Chinese competitor.C. There was too much competition in Dell's direct-to-consumer marketing channel.D. There were fewer restrictions in computer technology outside the United States.E. Emerging economies offered significant growth potential.

Q: Define licensing, cite its advantages and disadvantages, and explain what franchising is.

Q: Define a currency exchange rate and discuss its importance to global companies.

Q: "A signal that the world's trading nations are committed to open markets - and will resist protectionism - would inject confidence and energy into our markets," says the U.S. Trade Representative. Discuss this statement.

Q: What global market-entry strategy did Mary Kay use when it entered India?A. direct importingB. licensingC. indirect exportingD. joint ventureE. direct exporting

Q: Mary Kay, Inc. can be classified as which type of company when marketing its products around the world?A. multinational firmB. transnational firmC. international firmD. global marketing firmE. multidomestic firm

Q: Before Apple's iPhone 5 was officially for sale in China, it was being sold there. These phones were purchased in the United States and Australia, and then resold by unauthorized vendors in China for between $1,700 and $2,000. These products are considered to be part ofA. under the counter sales.B. over the counter sales.C. the gray market.D. integrated global channels.E. breaking the distribution monopoly.

Q: Another term for a gray market isA. equivalent exporting.B. back-channel market.C. mature marketing.D. parallel importing.E. transparent market.

Q: A gray market refers toA. the segment of products specifically designed for the need of older buyers.B. a once active and powerful market that is rapidly becoming the bottom of the barrel.C. a situation where products are sold through unauthorized channels of distribution.D. a pricing structure that is based upon haggling that is considered acceptable in some countries but not others.E. the willingness of one party to accept gifts in exchange for better prices or price allowances.

Q: In international trade, dumping refers toA. illegally disposing of unusable or damaged goods to avoid paying removal fees and/or taxes.B. a firm selling damaged or unsalable goods below their original production cost.C. a firm selling quality goods at significantly lower prices for the primary purpose of reducing inventory to make room for seasonal goods.D. a firm selling quality goods at significantly lower prices for the primary purpose of reducing inventory to make room for newer or more expensive models.E. a firm selling a product in a foreign country below its domestic price or below its actual cost.

Q: Figure 6-5 Figure 6-5 above outlines the distribution channels through which a product manufactured in one country must travel to reach its destination in another country. Channels of distribution in global marketing are often long and complex. Box A represents the __________ and Box B identifies the __________. A. seller; exporter B. seller; seller's international marketing headquarters C. seller international marketing headquarters; channels between nations D. channels between nations; channels within foreign nation E. channels within foreign nation; foreign retailer

Q: Figure 6-5 Figure 6-5 above outlines the distribution channels through which a product manufactured in one country must travel to reach its destination in another country. E represents the A. seller. B. channels between nations. C. seller's international marketing headquarters. D. final consumer. E. channels within foreign nations.

Q: Figure 6-5 Figure 6-5 above outlines the distribution channels through which a product manufactured in one country must travel to reach its destination in another country. Channels within a foreign nation can be very long or surprisingly short. Which letter in the figure represents these channels? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

Q: Figure 6-5 Figure 6-5 above outlines the distribution channels through which a product manufactured in one country must travel to reach its destination in another country. Which letter in the figure would identify intermediaries used to move the product from one country to another? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

Q: Figure 6-5 Figure 6-5 above outlines the distribution channels through which a product manufactured in one country must travel to reach its destination in another country. C represents the A. seller. B. seller's international marketing headquarters. C. channels within foreign nations. D. final consumer. E. channels between nations.

Q: Figure 6-5 Figure 6-5 above outlines the distribution channels through which a product manufactured in one country must travel to reach its destination in another country. B represents the A. channels within foreign nations. B. channels between nations. C. seller's international marketing headquarters. D. political forces. E. final consumer.

Q: Figure 6-5 Figure 6-5 above outlines the distribution channels through which a product manufactured in one country must travel to reach its destination in another country. Box A represents the A. seller. B. seller's international marketing headquarters. C. channels between nations. D. channels within the foreign nation. E. final customer.

Q: Figure 6-4Global companies have five strategies for matching products and their promotion efforts to global markets. According to Figure 6-4 above, E refers to which type of strategy?A. product extension strategyB. product adaptation strategyC. dual adaptation strategyD. product invention strategyE. communication adaptation strategy

Q: Nescafe coffee is marketed using different coffee blends and promotional campaigns to match consumer preferences in different countries. For example, Nescafe generally emphasizes the taste, aroma, and warmth of shared moments in its advertising around the world. However, in Thailand, Nescaf is advertised as a way to relax from the pressures of daily life. This is an example of which type of global marketing product/promotion strategy?A. product extensionB. product customizationC. product adaptationD. dual adaptationE. dual integration

Q: KFC has added many offerings to its menus in China to appeal to local tastes, including the "Dragon Twister," which is a chicken wrap with Peking-duck sauce. This is an example of which type of global marketing product and promotion strategy?A. product extensionB. product customizationC. product adaptationD. product inventionE. product integration

Q: GlaxoSmithKline plc. of Great Britain makes Breathe-Right nasal strips. It sells the same product in many countries because customers all over the world will use them in the same way. This is an example of which type of global marketing product and promotion strategy?A. product customizationB. product extensionC. product adaptationD. product inventionE. product integration

Q: Coca-Cola, Gillette razors, and Nike apparel and shoes are being sold in the same form in many countries. This is an example of which type of global marketing product and promotion strategy?A. product customizationB. product adaptationC. product extensionD. product integrationE. product invention

Q: Yum! Brands, the parent company of KFC, has pursued an aggressive growth strategy in China. There are now than 3,700 restaurants in 650 Chinese cities, and KFC has a 40% market share of the entire fast-food industry there. Yum! Brands China owns and directly manages about 90% of its Chinese stores, so it appears that the company prefers __________ in this market.A. licensingB. local assemblyC. a joint ventureD. direct investmentE. local manufacturing

Q: One disadvantage of direct investment when entering a new global market is thatA. intermediaries have the potential to harm the brand.B. the firm entering the foreign market must pay royalties to the government.C. the company forgoes control over its product.D. the financial commitments involved.E. this method is likely to provide the fewest cost savings relative to the other global market-entry options.