Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following statements is true about the involvement of left and right hemispheres in performing different functions? A. Most neuroscientists believe that complex brain activity involves only one particular hemisphere. B. Logical thinkers are primarily right-brained due to the excessive involvement of right hemisphere. C. Humor and use of metaphors usually depends on activity in the right hemisphere. D.

Q: How can "alien status" unfavorably affect a company? A) prejudiced treatment by the host country's politicians and legal authorities B) an inflated balance of trade C) a sharp rise in domestic and international demand D) lower trade tariffs in the host country E) an economic situation of the magnitude of the Great Depression

Q: A fall from the changing table resulted in damage to Emilys temporal lobe. Her doctor has told her parents that this would most likely affect her: A. memory. B. taste. C. vision. D.

Q: While scooting on the floor, baby Giovanni fell down the stairs. If he can no longer see, it is likely that his _____ lobe was damaged. A. frontal B. parietal C. occipital D.

Q: One day when Mark was crawling around, he fell down the stairs. After the doctor examined him, Mark's parents learned that he had damaged the parietal lobe. Mark's parents were told to expect that he would have difficulty with: A. registering spatial locations. B. processing auditory information. C. vision. D.

Q: While watching a football game, Martin jumped up to cheer and dropped baby Theresa to the floor. If she later has trouble with higher order thinking, planning, problem solving, or voluntary movement it would indicate that her _____ lobe was damaged. A. frontal B. parietal C. occipital D.

Q: The _____ lobe area in the cerebral cortex plays an important role in registering spatial location and motor control. A. frontal B. parietal C. occipital D.

Q: What is an accurate description of the relationship between international business and domestic business? A) The domestic economic climate has no effect on a company's competitive position in foreign markets. B) Domestic businesses must focus on capital mobility toward international businesses before capital generation. C) Countries must not restrict foreign investment even if domestic economic conditions deteriorate. D) The ability to invest abroad is to a large extent a function of domestic economic vitality. E) Domestic businesses are more viable than international businesses as capital tends to move toward minimum use.

Q: In the cerebral cortex, the _____ lobes have an active role in hearing, language processing, and memory. A. frontal B. parietal C. occipital D.

Q: The _____ lobes in the cerebral cortex function in vision. A. frontal B. parietal C. occipital D.

Q: In the cerebral cortex, the _____ lobe is involved in voluntary movement, thinking, personality, and intentionality or purpose. A. frontal B. parietal C. occipital D.

Q: The cerebral cortex has two _____, each of which is further divided into four _____. A. neurons; divisions B. divisions; neurons C. hemispheres; lobes D.

Q: Which political action is most likely to favor international marketing? A) placing trade embargoes on Cuba owing to widespread political instability in the country B) the U.S. government placing a trade ban on Libya owing to rampant terrorism C) South Africa abolishing apartheid and the U.S. lifting the embargo D) tariff hike for imports established by China E) the U.S. government coupling human rights issues with foreign trade policy

Q: The _____ includes the cerebral cortex and several structures beneath it. A. forebrain B. hindbrain C. midbrain D.

Q: The portion farthest from the spinal cord is known as the _____. A. hindbrain B. forebrain C. midbrain D.

Q: By the second birthday, a toddler's brain is about _____ percent of its adult weight. A. 25 B. 50 C. 75 D.

Q: At birth, the newborn's brain is about _____ percent of its adult weight. A. 10 B. 25 C. 50 D.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about MEG (magnetoencephalography)? A. It is used in assessing an infants fine motor skills. B. It is used in assessing an infants brain activity. C. It is used in analyzing an infants suckling reflex. D.

Q: Ian works for a sports equipment manufacturer in Boston and is responsible for shipping products across the United States. What is one factor that would be uncontrollable for Ian? A) firm characteristics B) competitive structure C) channels of distribution D) price of the product E) promotional measures

Q: Which of the following technologies, a measure of the brain's electrical activity, have researchers been able to use successfully to learn about the brain's development in infancy? A. Positron-emission tomography (PET) scans B. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) C. Brain electron sampling (BES) D.

Q: Shaken baby syndrome causes several symptoms including: A. brain swelling and hemorrhaging. B. brain tumors. C. cardiac arrest. D.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about brain development? A. The brain grows exponentially from conception to birth; causing the brain to be completely developed at birth. B. The process of brain development continues through the first year after birth and then stops. C. Extensive brain development continues after birth, through infancy and later. D.

Q: By two years of age, children have reached about _____ of their adult weight and about _____ of their adult height. A. one-half; one-fourth B. one-fifth; one-half C. one-third; two-third D.

Q: Infants would nearly have tripled their birth weight by the age of: A. two years. B. one year. C. four months. D.

Q: For an international marketer, the ________ can be altered in the long run and, usually, in the short run to adjust to changing market conditions, consumer tastes, or corporate objectives. A) competitive structure B) economic climate C) structure of distribution D) environmental factors E) controllable elements

Q: Infants usually double their birth weight by the age of: A. one month. B. one year. C. four months. D.

Q: Jerome weighed 4.5 pounds when he was born. Compared to other newborns in North America, his weight is: A. less than the average. B. average. C. severely abnormal. D.

Q: In the first several days of life, most newborns lose _____ percent of their body weight before they adjust to feeding by sucking, swallowing, and digesting. A. 5 to 7 B. 15 to 20 C. 1 to 2 D.

Q: Infants control the muscles of their trunk and arms before they control their hands and fingers, and they use their whole hands before they can control several fingers. This indicates a _____ pattern of growth. A. proximodistal B. cephalocaudal C. proximocaudal D.

Q: What is an uncontrollable element for an international marketer? A) firm characteristics B) channels-of-distribution C) price D) research E) level of technology

Q: The _____ pattern of growth is the sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities. A. proximodistal B. proximocaudal C. cephalocaudal D.

Q: Infants can see objects before they can control their torso, and they can use their hands long before they can crawl or walk. This would indicate that they have a _____ pattern of growth. A. proximodistal B. proximocaudal C. cephalodistal D.

Q: The cephalocaudal pattern is the sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the: A. center of the body and then moves toward the extremities. B. spinal cord and then expands out to the limbs and head. C. topthe headwith physical growth and differentiation of features gradually working their way down from top to bottom. D.

Q: Identify a disadvantage of breast feeding in the context of impoverished African countries. A. There is risk of passing HIV to the babies through breast milk if the mothers have the virus. B. Breast milk is less hygienic than infant formula. C. Breast feeding predominantly deteriorates the health of the mother. D.

Q: To assess an infant's attention to sound, researchers often use a method called high-amplitude sucking. Describe how this method is used. In this method, infants are given a non-nutritive nipple to suck, and the nipple is connected to a sound generating system. The researcher computes a baseline high-amplitude sucking rate in a one minute silent period. Following the baseline, presentation of a sound is made contingent on the rate of high-amplitude sucking. Initially babies suck frequently so the sound occurs often. Gradually they lose interest in hearing the same sound, so they begin to suck less often. Then the researcher changes the sound that is being presented. If the babies renew their vigorous sucking, the inference is that they have discriminated the sound change and are sucking more because they want to hear the interesting new sound.

Q: ________ is a controllable element for an international marketer. A) Level of technology B) Geography and infrastructure C) Channels-of-distribution D) Cultural forces E) Competitive forces

Q: Define gross and fine motor skills, and give an example of each.

Q: Provide three examples where a doctor would advise a mother to NOT to breast feed their infants. The three situations when mothers should not breast feed their babies are listed below: When the mother is infected with AIDS or some other infectious disease that can be transmitted through her milk. When the mother has active tuberculosis. When the mother is taking any drug that may not be safe to the infant if it is passed through the mother's milk.

Q: Ursula has just had a baby and is considering bottle feeding her as she plans to return to work very soon. However, she is worried that she will be unable to form a strong attachment with her baby if she does not breast feed her. Based on recent research, what would you, as her doctor, tell her? Many health professionals have argued that breast feeding facilitates the development of an attachment bond between the mother and infant. However, a recent research review found that the positive role of breast feeding on the mother-infant relationship is not supported by research. The review concluded that recommending breast feeding should not be based on its role in improving the mother-infant relationship, but rather on its positive effects on infant and maternal health. So, while it is not necessary that Ursula feed her baby to have a strong bond with her, it is advisable that she do so in view of the many benefits to her and the baby's health.

Q: List five benefits that a child receives from breast feeding. Some of the benefits that a child gains from being breast fed include: 1) Appropriate weight gain 2) Lowered risk of childhood and adult obesity 3) Fewer allergies 4) Lower risk of gastrointestinal infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and lower ear infections 5) Lower risk of asthma 6) Lower incidence of SIDS 7) Lower risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood and type 2 diabetes in adulthood

Q: Marketers must be especially cognizant of ________ for both domestic and international markets because of the dominantly uncontrollable nature of this factor. A) price B) promotion C) research activities D) political/legal forces E) channels of distribution

Q: Ingrid is getting ready to leave the hospital with her newborn and asks her doctor about SIDS. Her pediatrician suggests several things she can do to reduce the likelihood of SIDS in her infant. List five things that Ingrid can do to reduce the likelihood of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Risk factors for SIDS include: 1) Sleeping in prone position (on stomach) 2) Having a sibling who has died of SIDS 3) Sleep apnea 4) Low birth weight 5) African-American and Eskimo ethnicity 6) Low socioeconomic status 7) Passive exposure to cigarette smoke 8) Sleeping in soft bedding 9) Infants with abnormal brain stem functioning involving the neurotransmitter serotonin

Q: How would you connect the concepts of the overproduction of synaptic connections and their subsequent retraction, or pruning, with the nature-versus-nurture issue? Nearly twice as many synaptic connections are made as will ever be used. The connections that are used become strengthened and survive, while the unused ones are replaced by other pathways or disappear. In the language of neuroscience, these connections will be "pruned". For example, the more babies engage in physical activity or use language, the more those pathways will be strengthened. This indicates that while brain development is initially a product of genes (or nature), in time, the environment (or nurture) will also partly determine the course of brain development. Thus, both heredity and environment are thought to influence the timing and course of synaptic overproduction and subsequent retraction.

Q: Briefly explain MEG (magnetoencephalography) and its uses? MEG (magnetoencephalography) are brain imaging machines that are used to assess infants brain activity. MEG maps brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents and is being used to assess such perceptual and cognitive activities as vision, hearing, and language in infants. The infant sits under the machine and when he or she experiences a word, touch, sight, or emotion, the neurons working together in the infants brain generate magnetic fields and MEG pinpoints the location of the fields in the brain.

Q: What is considered the most critical difference between domestic marketing and international marketing? A) the difference in marketing principles being followed B) the different concepts of marketing C) the difference in marketing theories being followed D) the environment in which marketing plans must be implemented E) the basic processes used to market products and services

Q: Briefly explain the cephalocaudal and proximodistal patterns of development. Provide an example of each type of pattern. The cephalocaudal pattern is the sequence in which the greatest growth always occurs at the topthe headwith physical growth in size, weight, and feature differentiation gradually working its way down from top to bottom. Examples for such patterns of development are shoulders and middle trunk. The proximodistal pattern is the sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities. For example, infants control the muscles of their trunk and arms before they control their hands and fingers, and they use their whole hands before they can control several fingers.

Q: Mauricio takes his baby to the doctor for a one-month check-up. His doctor does a test where he presents an object or a sound and checks if baby turns his head towards it. What response is the doctor testing?

Q: Identify the term, according to the ecological view, that refers to opportunities for interaction by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform functional activities. Affordances

Q: Baby Tobias turns his head when his mother strokes his cheek. This reflex is called the _____.

Q: Jason's department is responsible for the business activities designed to plan, price, promote, and direct the flow of his company's small appliance products to consumers in various nations around the world for a profit. What is his department in charge of? A) internal marketing B) importing C) performance appraisal D) international marketing E) domestic trade

Q: Gustavo believes that motor skills represent solutions to the infant's goals. So when you offer a new toy to a baby, the baby attempts to grab the toy while also balancing itself. This active improvisation and adaptation to achieve one's goal demonstrates that nature, nurture, the infant, and the environment are all working together. Gustavo is a proponent of which theory?

Q: Identify the condition that occurs when infants stop breathing, usually during the night, and die suddenly without an apparent cause.

Q: Identify the part of the neuron that carries signals away from the cell body. Axon

Q: Your ability to see faces and patterns with the right hemisphere of the brain and understand language with the left hemisphere is due to _____. lateralization

Q: What is an essential requirement for experienced, as well as new, firms to succeed in international markets? A) adhering strictly to their traditional methods of production and operations B) focusing primarily on their production to exclusively meet domestic demand C) venturing into multiple markets by investing in all of them at once D) committing themselves completely to foreign markets E) having beneficial relations with lobbyists of foreign markets

Q: Identify the lobe in the cerebral cortex that is responsible for voluntary movement and thinking.

Q: Identify the nerve cell that handles information processing in the brain.

Q: Identify the sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the topthe headwith physical growth in size, weight, and feature differentiation gradually working from top to bottom.

Q: Identify the theorists who are renowned for using the "visual cliff" to study the vision of infants.

Q: How has globalization impacted domestic markets in the United States? A) Companies with only domestic markets have been able to sustain their customary rates of growth. B) Multinational companies are making more profits from their domestic operations compared to their earnings from the foreign markets. C) Only multinational companies with large production facilities have outperformed their strictly domestic U.S. counterparts. D) The domestic companies have reduced their manufacturing employment more than U.S. multinationals. E) Multinational manufacturing companies in all industries and sizes have outperformed their domestic counterparts.

Q: Identify the theorist who developed and used the "looking chamber" to study the vision of infants in the early 1960s. Robert Fantz

Q: Identify the theorist who believed that infants assemble motor skills for perceiving and acting. He/she proposed the dynamic systems theory to explain these findings.

Q: Identify the researcher that carefully observed and documented the development of motor skills in the 1930s. Based on this work, he/she concluded that motor development is entirely due to maturation.

Q: Which of the following statements about perceptual-motor coupling in infants is TRUE? A. Perception and motor activity occur separately in infants. B. Infants coordinate their movements with perceptual information involving people. C. The concept of perceptual-motor coupling does not develop until the ages of 2 to 3. D.

Q: _____ perception involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities. A. Extramodal B. Intermodal C. Intramodal D.

Q: What event spurred the final downfall of the U.S. economy in 2008 when world trade experienced its deepest decline in more than 50 years? A) The stock market ended at a record high. B) The U.S. and Cuba joined forces. C) The Senate and House failed to compromise on interest rates. D) The housing market collapsed. E) The voters elected a third-party candidate.

Q: The experience of our world as a smooth, unitary episode is made possible by intermodal: A. reflection. B. perception. C. sensation. D.

Q: Sensitivity to taste: A. is present even before birth. B. develops two days after birth. C. is not seen in newborns. D.

Q: Baby Kendra, who is 6 days old, is presented with two breast pads. One comes from her mother, and the other has not been used. Which one will Kendra probably prefer? A. Kendra will probably not show any preference. B. Kendra will prefer her mother's breast pad. C. Kendra will prefer the clean breast pad. D.

Q: What is one of the most dynamic trends that is affecting current global business strategies? A) the trend toward buying American cars in Europe B) the trend toward the acceptance of the free market system among developing countries C) the trend toward using English as the global language D) the trend toward establishing a world currency E) the trend toward providing aid to developing and less developed nations

Q: Winnie is considering the use of anesthesia during the circumcision of her newborn son. She wants to know if newborns can feel pain. What would you tell her? A. Yes; recent research indicates that infants can feel pain. B. No; infants cannot feel pain. C. Maybe; research on the matter is inconclusive as of now. D.

Q: Amanda is 6 days old. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Amanda's hearing? A. Amanda is more sensitive to the pitch of a sound than an adult. B. Amanda is able to hear low-pitched sounds better than high-pitched sounds. C. Amanda is able to hear high-pitched sounds better than low-pitched sounds. D.

Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE about perception in infants? A. Infants are not able to perceive the localization of a sound. B. Newborns cannot hear soft sounds quite as well as adults can. C. Infants are very sensitive to the pitch of a sound. D.

Q: In the visual cliff experiment by Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk, most babies encouraged to crawl onto the deep side of the visual cliff would: A. crawl onto the cliff side. B. not crawl onto the cliff side. C. crawl onto the cliff side only when their mothers called them. D.

Q: The global marketing concept views the marketplace as consisting of one primary domestic market that is complimented by several smaller regional markets.

Q: The "visual cliff" experiment was used to measure: A. size constancy. B. shape constancy. C. visual acuity. D.

Q: Amber knows that a dinner plate is the same object whether it is flat on the table or standing in the dish drainer. Amber has developed: A. size constancy. B. depth perception. C. shape constancy. D.

Q: _____ is the recognition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes as you move toward or away from the object. A. Shape constancy B. Perceptual disparity C. Size constancy D.

Q: The two types of perceptual constancy are: A. size constancy and shape constancy. B. shape constancy and color constancy. C. color constancy and speed constancy. D.

Q: When you see an airplane flying away from you, it appears to get smaller. However, you know that it stays the same size. The difference between your sensation and your perception of the plane illustrates the concept of: A. perceptual constancy. B. sensory confusion. C. sensory consistency. D.