Q&A Hero

Q: Lindsay's body does not produce enough insulin, causing an abnormal metabolism of sugar. She is receiving insulin treatment. Lindsay has: A. spina bifida. B. hemophilia. C. phenylketonuria. D.

Q: Mary and Jim are expecting a child and prenatal diagnostic procedures have confirmed that the fetus has _____, a neural tube disorder that causes brain and spine abnormalities. Their physician has explained that this gene-linked abnormality could be treated with corrective surgery at birth, orthopedic devices, and physical or medical therapy. A. spina bifida B. Tay-Sachs disease C. phenylketonuria D.

Q: Penny has been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following would be an appropriate course of treatment for her? A. Medication for pain, antibiotics, blood transfusions, and hydroxyurea. B. Insulin treatment. C. Blood transfusions/injections. D.

Q: _____ is a gene-linked abnormality in which the central nervous system deteriorates, producing problems in muscle coordination and mental deterioration. A. Cystic fibrosis B. Phenylketonuria C. Huntington's disease D.

Q: Samantha has been diagnosed with _____, which is a glandular dysfunction that interferes with mucus production. A. cystic fibrosis B. Huntington's disease C. phenylketonuria D.

Q: Paul suffers from hemophilia. Suggest an appropriate treatment option for Paul's condition. A. Insulin treatment B. Blood transfusions/injections C. Physical therapy D.

Q: Patrick suffers from _____, a genetic abnormality in which delayed blood clotting causes internal and external bleeding. A. hemophilia B. phenylketonuria C. sickle-cell anemia D.

Q: Approximately, _____ African Americans is a carrier for sickle-cell anemia. A. 1 in 50 B. 1 in 100 C. 1 in 10 D.

Q: Tamera has a genetic disorder where her red blood cells take on a hook shape instead of the normal disk shape. The doctors tell Tamera's parents that she has _____, and that this condition also provides her with a resistance to malaria. A. Tay-Sach's disease B. sickle-cell anemia C. leukemia D.

Q: Which of the following is a gene-linked abnormality? A. Down syndrome. B. Phenylketonuria (PKU). C. Turner syndrome. D.

Q: Mateo is on a special diet because his parents are aware that he cannot metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid. Buildup of this amino acid in his system could result in mental retardation. Mateo has: A. Down syndrome. B. phenylketonuria (PKU). C. sickle-cell anemia. D.

Q: Which of the following is true of phenylketonuria? A. It results from a recessive gene. B. It is a chromosomal disorder. C. It results in death by the age of five. D.

Q: Phenylketonuria (PKU) occurs in approximately _____ live births. A. 1 of every 100 to 200 B. 1 of every 1,000 to 2,000 C. 1 of every 10,000 to 20,000 D.

Q: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder in which the individual cannot properly metabolize phenylalanine, which is a(n) _____. A. vitamin B. amino acid C. mineral D.

Q: Early interest in the XYY syndrome focused on the belief that the extra Y chromosome found in some males contributed to _____. However, subsequent research has proved this to be _____. A. aggression and violence; false B. aggression and violence; true C. impotence; false D.

Q: Which of the following statements about Turner syndrome is true? A. Turner syndrome occurs exclusively in females. B. People with Turner syndrome have extremely poor verbal ability. C. Males with Turner syndrome are short in stature and have webbed neck. D.

Q: Sandra excels in reading and spelling but struggles with mathematics. She is shorter than her peers and has a webbed neck. Her doctor has determined that she has one X chromosome missing. Sandra most likely has: A. XYY syndrome. B. fragile X syndrome. C. Turner syndrome. D.

Q: Turner syndrome occurs in approximately _____ live female births. A. 1 of every 100 B. 1 of every 2,500 C. 1 of every 22,500 D.

Q: Angelique has a chromosomal disorder characterized by a missing X chromosome making her XO instead of XX. Angelique's doctors have diagnosed her with _____. A. fragile X syndrome B. XYY syndrome C. Klinefelter syndrome D.

Q: Harry has been suffering from mental retardation and a learning disability since infancy. Subsequent tests revealed an abnormality in his X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks. Identify the syndrome that Harry suffers from. A. Turner syndrome B. Fragile X syndrome C. XYY syndrome D.

Q: Fragile X syndrome occurs: A. more often in males than in females. B. only in females. C. in both sexes equally. D.

Q: Tristan has a genetic disorder that results from an abnormality in the X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks. His doctor informed Tristan's mother that he has: A. fragile X syndrome. B. XYY syndrome. C. Turner syndrome. D.

Q: Klinefelter syndrome occurs approximately _____ live male births. A. once in every 100 B. once in every 600 C. once in every 10,000 D.

Q: Tom is a tall man with undeveloped testes and enlarged breasts. His doctor has determined that he has an extra X chromosome leading to the diagnosis of: A. Down syndrome. B. fragile X syndrome. C. Klinefelter syndrome. D.

Q: Klinefelter syndrome affects: A. only males. B. only females. C. both males and females equally. D.

Q: Human embryos must possess _____ to be viable. A. at least one X chromosome B. two Y chromosomes C. at least one Y chromosome D.

Q: Which of the following women has the highest probability of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome? A. Sarah, a 21-year-old Asian woman. B. Jane, a 41-year-old Euro-American woman. C. Ella, a 27-year-old African American woman. D.

Q: Which of the following is true of Down syndrome? A. It primarily occurs in African American children. B. It occurs when genetic imprinting goes awry. C. Its symptoms include retardation of motor and mental abilities. D.

Q: Jason was born with _____. The doctor tells his parents that this genetic disorder occurred because he has an extra copy of chromosome 21. A. fragile X syndrome B. Klinefelter disease C. Down syndrome D.

Q: Which of the following is an example of chromosomal abnormality that occurs when whole chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis? A. Down syndrome B. Hemophilia C. Huntington's disease D.

Q: Most characteristics are: A. determined by a single gene. B. determined by a pair of genes. C. not determined by genes. D.

Q: Vivanta has been diagnosed with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, a growth disorder, which the doctor has indicated could be a result of _____ going awry. A. genetic imprinting B. polygenic inheritance C. sex-linked genes D.

Q: _____ occurs when the expression of a gene has different effects depending on whether the mother or the father passed on the gene. A. Polygenic inheritance B. X-linked inheritance C. Genetic imprinting D.

Q: Victor has an X-linked inheritance disease. Which of the following conditions is Victor most likely to have? A. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome B. Hemophilia C. Wilms tumor D.

Q: Most individuals who have X-linked diseases are _____. A. males B. females C. intersex D.

Q: Females who have one abnormal copy of a mutated gene on the X chromosome are known as _____. A. inhibitors B. patients C. carriers D.

Q: A recessive gene exerts its influence only if: A. both genes in a pair are recessive. B. it is the stronger gene. C. the environment is right. D.

Q: A(n) _____ gene overrides the potential influence of a recessive gene. A. longevity B. dominant C. susceptible D.

Q: Carrie's parents have brown hair. However, Carrie gets genes for blond hair from both of her parents, and as a result she has blonde hair. This indicates that the gene for blonde hair is a: A. recessive gene. B. dominant gene. C. susceptibility gene. D.

Q: Mary's mother has blonde hair and her father has brown hair. Mary has a gene for brown hair and a gene for blonde hair. She has brown hair. This indicates that the gene for brown hair is a(n) _____. A. dominant gene B. recessive gene C. susceptible gene D.

Q: Clark's genotype contains a dominant gene for brown eye color and recessive gene for blue eye color. According to the dominant-recessive gene principle, which of the following phenotypes is most likely to be observed in Clark? A. black eyes B. blue eyes C. grey eyes D.

Q: In some cases, one gene of a pair always exerts its effects overriding the potential influence of the other gene. This is the _____ principle. A. sex-linked genes B. dominant-recessive genes C. genetic imprinting D.

Q: For each genotype, a range of _____ can be expressed, thus providing a source of variability. A. genetic imprints B. phenotypes C. karyotypes D.

Q: A phenotype can consist of _____ as well as _____ characteristics. A. physical; environmental B. conscious; subconscious C. biological; ecological D.

Q: Marly describes her friend Gina as having blonde hair, green eyes, and fair skin with freckles. Marly has described Gina's _____. A. genotype B. genetic imprint C. phenotype D.

Q: _____ is the way an individual's genotype is expressed in observable and measurable characteristics. A. RNA B. DNA C. Phenotype D.

Q: A genotype is _____ percent of a person's genetic material. A. 100 B. 50 C. 25 D.

Q: Vanda's genetic makeup is composed of thousands of genes in which some are expressed and directly observable, while some are not. When we talk about all of her genetic material we are talking about her _____. A. phenotype B. RNA C. genotype D.

Q: Emma and Anna are identical twins who were adopted by different families a few weeks after birth. Although genetically identical, they grew up with different physical and psychological characteristics. For example, though both inherited a tendency to grow large, Anna was slim and athletic due to the active lifestyle practiced in her adoptive family. This variability can be explained by how: A. each zygote is unique. B. longevity genes can make an individual less vulnerable to certain diseases. C. for each genotype, a range of phenotypes can be expressed. D.

Q: Erin is 90 years old. She has relatively good health, and is fully mobile. Most of Erin's blood relatives live to a ripe, old age. Which of the following genes might be responsible for this? A. Susceptibility genes B. Longevity genes C. Vulnerability genes D.

Q: _____ genes are those that make an individual less vulnerable to certain diseases and make it more likely for him/her to live till an older age. A. Susceptibility B. Longevity C. Vulnerability D.

Q: Ethel is 50 years old but appears much more aged. Most of Ethel's relatives have not lived past the age of 60. Which of the following genes are responsible for the accelerated aging that is observed in Ethel and her family members? A. Susceptibility genes B. Longevity genes C. Vulnerability genes D.

Q: _____ genes are those that make the individual more vulnerable to specific diseases or acceleration of aging. A. Susceptibility B. Longevity C. Vulnerability D.

Q: A mistake by the cellular machinery, or damage from an environmental agent such as radiation, may produce a _____, which is a permanently altered segment of DNA. A. susceptibility gene B. vulnerability gene C. longevity gene D.

Q: Jerome and Tyrone are fraternal twins. This means that they developed from: A. a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm. B. a single egg that was fertilized by two different sperms. C. two eggs that were fertilized by a single sperm. D.

Q: Melody and Harmony are identical twins. This means that they developed from: A. a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm. B. a single egg that was fertilized by two different sperms. C. two eggs that were fertilized by a single sperm. D.

Q: _____ develop from a single zygote that splits into two genetically matching replicas, each of which becomes a person. A. Triplets B. Identical twins C. Fraternal twins D.

Q: Combining the genes of two parents in offspring increases _____ in the population, which is valuable for a species because it provides more characteristics for natural selection to operate on. A. the number of males B. the number of females C. genetic variability D.

Q: Jules 23rd chromosome pair consists of an X chromosome and a Y chromosome. This indicates that Jule: A. has Down syndrome. B. has XYY syndrome. C. is a female. D.

Q: Sasha's 23rd chromosome pair contains two X chromosomes. This indicates that Sasha: A. has Down syndrome. B. has fragile X syndrome. C. is a female. D.

Q: During fertilization, an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell called a _____. A. blastocyst B. fetus C. gamete D.

Q: In human beings, by the end of meiosis, each egg or sperm has _____ chromosomes. A. 46 paired B. 23 unpaired C. 23 paired D.

Q: During _____, a cell of the testes in men or ovaries in women duplicates its chromosomes and then divides twice, thus forming four cells, each of which has only half the genetic material of the parent cell. A. meiosis B. mitosis C. osmosis D.

Q: Except for the sperm and the egg, all cells in the human body have _____ chromosomes. A. 10 B. 32 C. 23 D.

Q: A cell which contains 12 pairs of chromosomes, divides by mitosis to form two new cells. How many pairs of chromosomes does each new cell contain? A. 12 B. 23 C. 6 D.

Q: Which of the following is true of mitosis? A. Mitosis is the cellular reproduction that occurs to form the sperm and the egg cells. B. Mitosis results in the formation of four new cells. C. Mitosis results in the formation of new cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes. D.

Q: A cell which contains 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs undergoes the process of _____ to produce two new cells, each containing the same DNA as the original cell, arranged in the same 23 pairs of chromosomes. A. mitosis B. osmosis C. meiosis D.

Q: During the process of _____, the cell's nucleusincluding the chromosomesduplicates itself and the cell divides resulting in the formation of two cells. A. meiosis B. osmosis C. fertilization D.

Q: _____ is a stage in reproduction whereby an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell. A. Fertilization B. Osmosis C. Meiosis D.

Q: What are gametes? A. Zygotes B. Embryos C. Fertilized eggs D.

Q: Which of the following statements about the activity of genes is TRUE? A. Genes are not collaborative. B. A single gene codes for a single, specific protein. C. Genetic expression is unaffected by environmental factors. D.

Q: B. 1,500. 20,500. D. 1,000,000.

Q: _____ are the building blocks of cells as well as the regulators that direct the body's processes. A. Genes B. Proteins C. Ribosomes D.

Q: The nucleus of each human cell contains _____, which are threadlike structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). A. mitochondria B. ribosomes C. chromosomes D.

Q: _____, the units of hereditary information, are short segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They direct cells to reproduce themselves and to assemble proteins. A. Genes B. Chromosomes C. RNA D.

Q: _____ is a complex molecule with a double helix shape, like a spiral staircase, and contains genetic information. A. RNA B. Chromosome C. DNA D.

Q: A fertilized human egg cannot grow into a crocodile, duck, or fish specifically because of: A. social influence. B. environmental influence. C. adaptive behavior. D.

Q: As an alternative to "_____ evolutionism" presented in evolutionary psychology, Albert Bandura proposed a _____ view. A. bidirectional; unidirectional B. one-sided; bidirectional C. dynamic; linear D.

Q: As the benefits of evolutionary selection decrease with age, Baltes argues, the need for all of the following increases, EXCEPT: A. social support. B. medical technology. C. job training. D.

Q: Paul Baltes says that natural selection among humans operates mainly during the _____ of life. A. second half B. last years C. first half D.