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Question
Professor Charles Lindblom in the 1950s described the domestic policy-making process as the "science of muddling through." What was meant by this statement?A.Officials must often resort to incremental and haphazard breakthroughs when creating policies.
B.Creating confusion can be intentional, and some make it as complicated as possible.
C.Muddling implies confusion, but often what appears to be muddling are intentional tactics designed to stall progress.
D.Legislators rarely do anything intentionally.
E.Muddling implies that something is actually pretty simple, thus creating public policy is not as difficult as some claim.
Answer
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Related questions
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In the United States there are nearly 90,000 local government entities. What are some of the different forms of local government? What is the role of these entities within their state governments?
Q:
The process by which citizens have the opportunity to veto a legislative bill is known as a/an
A.caucus.
B.direct election.
C.initiative.
D.referendum.
E.recall.
Q:
What is an initiative?
A.Laws that do not require funding
B.Laws directly created by the governor
C.Laws which can be executed by the courts
D.Laws that are enacted by the public
E.The process for starting a lawsuit
Q:
Most states have
A.a unicameral legislature.
B.a bicameral legislature.
C.a tricameral legislature.
D.a weak legislative branch.
E.two supreme courts.
Q:
Which of the states listed below have a history of being dominated by a powerful legislature?
A.Ohio and Utah
B.Texas and Kansas
C.New Hampshire and Maine
D.New York and Connecticut
E.Florida and Illinois
Q:
In the United States there are separate court systems for the federal government and the state governments. Both systems are large and complex. What percentage of the nation's litigation is processed in the state courts?
A.5 percent.
B.20 percent.
C.48 percent.
D.60 percent.
E.95 percent.
Q:
All 50 states have a governor who is the head of the state's executive branch. The primary purpose of a governor is
A.to veto legislation as a check on the abuse of power in the legislative branch.
B.to develop, enact, and implement an annual state budget.
C.to serve as head of the state judicial system.
D.to organize state government and to properly delegate authority in order to ensure effective administration of the state's programs and duties.
E.to increase economic development in the state and manage resources.
Q:
The early 1900s also witnessed a progressive era that focused much attention on the social ills of our society. During this time many constitutions were rewritten or amended to include efforts to address such issues. Which of the following is NOT included in such constitutional efforts in many of the states?
A.creation of public health services
B.free and compulsory public education
C.regulating business and limiting monopolies
D.increase in use of the death penalty
E.moderate controls on railroads
Q:
Discuss the impact of two major events and how they changed American foreign policy.
Q:
Compare and contrast containment and the Bush Doctrine of preemption.
Q:
Identify the policy program to help rebuild the economies of war-torn Europe by sending large amounts of aid.
A.Roosevelt Corollary
B.Truman Doctrine
C.Marshall Plan
D.Harvard Plan
E.Virginia Plan
Q:
President ________ led the U.S. into World War I.
A.Roosevelt
B.Wilson
C.Harding
D.Coolidge
E.Hoover
Q:
Which president pledged that the United States would oppose any attempt by European states to extend political control into the Western Hemisphere?
A.Thomas Jefferson
B.John Adams
C.James Monroe
D.Andrew Jackson
E.George Washington
Q:
In his farewell address, ___________ warned the nation against entanglement in foreign alliances.
A.John Adams
B.Thomas Jefferson
C.Abraham Lincoln
D.George Washington
E.Theodore Roosevelt
Q:
Which nation controls a land mass of nearly six million square miles and maintains one of the world's most powerful military threats due to its nuclear arsenal?
A.China
B.the Russian Federation
C.Iran
D.Iraq
E.Brazil
Q:
What is considered the fundamental risk of military pre-emptive actions?
A.They place the military in an offensive position rather than a defensive one.
B.Such tactics against another country rarely succeed in stopping the undesired behavior.
C.They can only be successful in countries that lack the capacity to retaliate.
D.They place individual soldiers in dangerous situations.
E.Such actions are almost always doomed to fail from the start.
Q:
Political scientist John Mueller assessed the role of the military in foreign relations and the public's acceptance of that role. Which of the following is Mueller's argument in this regard?
A.The isolationist vein that runs predominantly through American collective ideology is contrary to the American practice of using its troops as international peacekeepers.
B.The public pays little attention or shows little concern regarding military deployments.
C.Americans have a strong tolerance for all types of military action.
D.If they are not being killed, American troops can remain in peacekeeping or other ventures virtually indefinitely with little public criticism.
E.The American public has very low tolerance for long-term deployment of troops in any situation.
Q:
Though the CIA still functions as an intelligence gathering agency, in recent years there have been concerns that the CIA is poorly suited to coordinate intelligence coming from multiple parts of government. This was magnified after the attacks of September 11, 2001. How did Congress respond to this lack of intelligence coordination?
A.delegated the duties to the Department of State
B.moved the Central Intelligence Agency under the direction of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
C.abolished the CIA and distributed its duties to the U.S. Naval Operations
D.created a new cabinet-level office of Director of National Intelligence (DNI)
E.created a national division of the Central Intelligence Agency
Q:
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was created by the National Security Act of 1947. Which of the following is NOT an official duty of the CIA?
A.coordinating worldwide intelligence information affecting national security
B.performing public relations functions for the U.S. government
C.disseminating propaganda on behalf of the U.S. government
D.engaging in covert activities at the direction of the president
E.assassinating rogue dictators
Q:
Who served as secretary of state under George H.W. Bush and later as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (the highest military position in the United States.) under George W. Bush? In the latter position, this individual advocated military action only as a last resort when faced with overwhelming force.
A.Madeline Albright
B.Colin Powell
C.Condoleeza Rice
D.George Schultz
E.Hugh Robinson
Q:
In the 1970s, a period of somewhat eased tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union led to several strategic arms treaties. This period of eased tension was referred to as
A.demilitarization.
B.perestroika.
C.dtente.
D.delimited nuclear treaty.
E.manifest destiny.
Q:
Created in 1949, which alliance bound the United States to the military defense of Western Europe and placed it squarely at odds with the Soviet Union?
A.Warsaw Pact
B.North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
C.League of Nations
D.Strategic Air Command (SAC)
E.Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Q:
Out of World War II emerged two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, which became locked into a half-century struggle of indirect hostilities. This struggle was referred to as
A.the Communist resistance.
B.American expansionism.
C.the Russo-European War.
D.the Cold War.
E.the East-West alliance.
Q:
President Wilson played a major role in drafting the agreement that ended World War I. What was the name of this agreement?
A.League of Nations
B.Warsaw Pact
C.NATO Accords
D.Treaty of Versailles
E.European Common Union
Q:
___________ began the era where people thought the government could and should be used as a positive influence on society.
A.The Civil War
B.World War I
C.The Great Depression
D.World War II
E.The Civil Rights movement
Q:
The American welfare state began in the
A.1910s.
B.1930s.
C.1950s.
D.1970s.
E.1990s.
Q:
President Bill Clinton vowed to
A."end welfare as we know it."
B."end the national healthcare system."
C."end the military career of any gay or lesbian soldiers."
D.expand the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program.
E.privatize Social Security.
Q:
Medicaid was designed to provide healthcare to the
A.aged and ill.
B.poor.
C.working class.
D.bureaucrats.
E.farmers and ranchers.
Q:
Distrust in the solvency of social security has led the federal government to steer working Americans toward alternatives such as supplemental retirement accounts. How has the federal government encouraged such investment?
A.Laws have been passed that progressively require each generation to fund its own private retirement investment.
B.The government has threatened civil action.
C.In order to encourage private retirement accounts, the federal government has increased the use of individual tax credits and incentives.
D.In order to receive social security, future retirees must have a privately funded account.
E.The government has ignored the issue.
Q:
Define and discuss deregulation. Why did it become popular? What impact has it had? Considering the effect of deregulation on the radio industry and the airline industry, has deregulation been good public policy? Why or why not?