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Question
Small-scale, non-stratified societies with foraging as their primary subsistence, and informal leadership are called __________.A) bands
B) tribes
C) chiefdoms
D) states
E) polities
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
Most movies depict archaeologists as __________.
A) musty old men in libraries
B) mercenaries and romantic heroes
C) politically aware
D) forensic experts
E) scientists
Q:
It was easy to determine the modern Native American descendants of Kennewick Man.
Q:
What was the immediate danger to the site at Fort Hall?
A) The Snake River was encroaching on the site
B) It was going to be wiped out by a housing development
C) SHPO needed it for a training ground
D) The local Native American tribe wanted to remove it, to reclaim the land for ritual purposes
E) The site was drying out
Q:
Mitigation can entail __________.
A) avoiding the site
B) simple recordation
C) full data recovery
D) all of the above
Q:
The UNESCO convention of 1970 __________.
A) was convened to address the international problem of illegal import, export, and transfer of artifacts
B) had the power to enforce its resolutions
C) made it illegal to sell copies of antiquities
D) concluded that there was no illegal international trade in antiquities
E) legalized the sale of common antiquities
Q:
When making decisions regarding mitigation, archaeologists consider __________.
A) only the area with the densest concentration of artifacts
B) all land area that might be affected by a project
C) only the area that contains human remains
D) only those areas with obvious surface artifacts
E) only those areas deemed historically unique
Q:
The two steps of an inventory are __________.
A) survey and data entry
B) recordation and mitigation
C) flotation and excavation
D) none of the above
Q:
Human activities that threaten archaeological sites and other cultural resources include __________.
A) looting
B) constructing housing
C) off-road recreation
D) all of the above
Q:
Laws to protect archaeological resources in the United States have been in existence since the early 1900s.
Q:
Anyone interested in the field of archaeology could become a member of the Register of Professional Archaeologists.
Q:
The National Register is administered by the National Park Service.
Q:
Public education and outreach is one of the ethical responsibilities of the professional archaeologist.
Q:
The ARPA of 1979 protects archaeological resources on public lands.
Q:
The market for illegal antiquities is primarily collectors in Third World countries.
Q:
__________ attempts to explain cultural change as the result of direct selective processes on the variation of artifact types and frequencies, resulting in the change of those types and frequencies over time.
A) Diffusionism
B) Systems theory
C) Evolutionary archaeology
D) A diachronic approach
E) Synchronic theory
Q:
__________ states that as conditions change, the way a particular cultural subsystem operates may change also, disrupting the equilibrium and necessitating changes in the other subsystems, to reach a new equilibrium.
A) Diffusionism
B) Evolutionary archaeology
C) Innovation theory
D) Synchronic theory
E) Systems theory
Q:
All of the following were buried by a volcanic eruption except __________.
A) Puerto Escondito
B) Pompeii
C) Herculaneum
D) Ceren
Q:
Research on __________ has led to new theories about migrations into the New World.
A) skeletons
B) linguistics
C) ceramics
D) lithics
E) blood groupings
Q:
Archaeologists universally accept the application of strict biological models of selection to the study of past cultures.
Q:
Evolutionary archaeologists believe that cultural traits are subjected to selective pressures.
Q:
One of the three major criteria for classifying sites is __________.
A) cultural associations
B) preservation quality
C) function
D) architectural features
E) presence of human remains
Q:
Fire-cracked rock used as a cooking stone or hearth is not an artifact.
Q:
Speculations about exoarchaeology originally came from concern about possible architecture on __________.
A) Antarctica
B) Mars
C) South America
D) the ocean floor
E) the moon
Q:
GIS programs allow archaeologist to __________.
A) assign absolute dates to artifacts
B) determine the material used to make an artifact (e.g., bone vs. stone)
C) generate models to predict site locations
D) interact with local indigenous communities
E) identify microscopic plant remains in soils
Q:
Evolutionary ecology takes as its starting point __________.
A) a consideration of the environmental conditions that might influence the development of a particular technology
B) an evaluation of the evolution of a particular environment
C) that all cultures are fundamentally variations on the same set of adaptations
D) a genetic basis for cultural behavior
E) a genetic basis for gender roles
Q:
The authors of this book are best characterized as __________.
A) historians
B) processualist archaeologists
C) postprocessualists
D) Marxist archaeologists
E) diffusionists
Q:
Which of the following helps lessen the Western bias in archaeology?
A) processual archaeology
B) cognitive archaeology
C) indigenous archaeology
D) cultural resource management
E) culture history
Q:
Cultural materialism __________.
A) is an indigenous approach to archaeology
B) investigates the role of the individual in cultural change
C) explains the composition of a particular peopleʹs material culture through time
D) holds that all cultural institutions can be explained by direct material payoff
E) incorporates the perspectives of indigenous archaeologists
Q:
Conducting experiments with ancient materials and techniques is called __________.
A) ethnoarchaeology
B) ethnographic analogy
C) exoarchaeology
D) experimental archaeology
E) processual archaeology
Q:
Which of the following is an example of experimental archaeology?
A) Trying to build a pyramid
B) Observing contemporary hunter-gatherers
C) Developing extensive culture histories
D) Incorporating satellite imagery into archaeological research
E) Creating computer maps of sites with GPS technology