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Question
The courts ruled in the "Kennewick Man" case that the 9400-year-old human skeleton:a. Was most likely a lineal descendant of the Umatilla, and should therefore be repatriated to the tribe for reburial.
b. Was not Native American as defined under NAGPRA, and that even if he were, he could not be culturally affiliated with any of the tribes who claimed him.
c. Was culturally affiliated with the Nez Perce, as evidenced by the abundant grave goods buried with the skeleton that are very similar to items made by the Nez Perce today.
d. Could be culturally affiliated with multiple tribes on the basis of archaeology and oral traditions, and that therefore the tribes would have to decide amongst themselves who would receive the skeleton.
Answer
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Related questions
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Brian Hatoff took the position when excavating Hidden Cave, outside Fallon, Nevada to
a. Do the work quietly in order not to involve spectators
b. Protect the site from looting by not publishing his results
c. Carry out a public education campaign to encourage community participation
d. Close the site permanently
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According to the textbook, the Garbage Project has studied a number of social issues, including
a. Alcohol consumption
b. Cell phone communication
c. Underage use of prescription drugs
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a. living and dead
b. past and future
c. data necessary to prove science is infallible
d. A & B
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Archaeology contributes to our understanding of the human condition by
a. what it learns about the past
b. how it goes about learning about the past
c. assumptions that are proven to be correct
d. A & B
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At Home St. Jean in Rwanda, forensic archaeologists concluded that a mass grave site was part of a program of genocide because:
a. Cut marks on bones showed that many individuals were killed by machetes from behind, as if they were fleeing their attackers.
b. Cut marks on the bones of hands and forearms showed that some people were unmercifully macheted to death with their arms raised in self defense.
c. The murdered civilians were unarmed.
d. All of the above.
Q:
A forensic archaeologist might be involved in:
a. Using archaeological methods and techniques to help solve crimes.
b. Training law enforcement personnel in basic archaeological principles.
c. Documenting human rights violations by excavating mass grave sites.
d. All of the above
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What types of archaeological knowledge could be useful for law enforcement personnel?
a. Knowing how to distinguish human from animal bone.
b. Knowing how to probe the ground to determine the location of subsurface pits.
c. Knowing how to read soil profiles, topographic maps, and soil reports, as well as map surface evidence.
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Q:
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b. Pure science is systematic research directed toward acquisition of knowledge for its own sake, while applied science is research to acquire the knowledge necessary to solve a specific, recognized problem.
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Q:
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Q:
In compliance with Section 106, if sites are located during survey, determined eligible for the register, but cannot be avoided by the project, they might be
a. slated for preservation by local or state entities.
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Q:
NAGPRA:
a. Allows scientists to study Native American skeletal material and associated grave goods for a specific amount of time before repatriating the material to a culturally affiliated tribe.
b. Allows tribes to decide what happens to all pre-Columbian human remains and artifacts, regardless of whether or not cultural affiliation can be demonstrated.
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d. Requires Native Americans to return all previously repatriated Native American skeletal material and associated grave goods to scientists for further study.
Q:
The penalty for violating the Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) is:
a. Up to $500 and/or up to 90 days in prison.
b. Up to $250,000 and/or up to 5 years in prison; the federal government can also confiscate any equipment used to loot sites, including vehicles.
c. No monetary fine, but up to 5 years in prison.
d. Nonexistent; this is part of the problem with trying to enforce the act.
Q:
According to the National Historic Preservation Act's regulations, an archaeological site is eligible for the National Register if it meets which of the following criteria?
a. Association with people or events important in history or prehistory.
b. Possession of distinctive characteristics of a school of architecture, construction method, or characteristics of high artistic value.
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Q:
Physical features, both natural and artificial, associated with human activity, including sites, structures, and objects possessing significance in history, architecture, or human development are:
a. Historic landmarks.
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Q:
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Q:
NAGPRA is fairly straightforward to implement because all Native American tribes want culturally affiliated skeletal material and grave goods to be repatriated to them so that they can rebury them.
Q:
U. S. Customs has estimated that illegal trafficking in antiquities may be second only to the drug trade in international crime.
Q:
The cost of cultural resource management projects is always paid by the federal government.
Q:
The Antiquities Act, passed in 1906, set firm penalties for the looting of archaeological sites, even by today's standards; because this law has worked so well to discourage looting, no additional acts have been necessary.
Q:
The majority of field archaeologists are currently employed in educational institutions.
Q:
Modern plantation and slave archaeology is usually aimed at architectural reconstruction, with public education focused on the genteel antebellum way of life, now a thing of the past.
Q:
The postprocessual paradigm that emphasizes the importance of archaeologists' understanding of the specific contexts within which they work, and of the notion that knowledge is situated within a cultural framework and can consequently serve special interests, is:
a. Called critical theory.
b. Known by critics who question its relevance as a "medieval mind-set."
c. Often useful in prehistoric archaeology, but is rarely considered useful for historical archaeology.
d. All of the above.
Q:
The monument honoring the events that occurred at the Battle of the Little Bighorn differs today from when it was erected in 1881 in that:
a. While it was initially named the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, opposition groups were successful in changing the name to Custer Battlefield.
b. In 1881, it was thought that Indian warriors had slaughtered Custer and his army, and so it was that event that the monument depicted; today archaeology has shown that Custer and his men actually won the battle, and so the monument now depicts that event.
c. A new memorial now also honors the fallen Cheyenne, Lakota, and Arapaho warriors.
d. All of the above.
Q:
The battle of the Little Bighorn took place in:
a. Wyoming.
b. Montana.
c. South Dakota.
d. Nebraska.
Q:
Bioarchaeological analysis of the skeletal remains from the African Burial Ground site determined that unlike the slaves' lives in New York, their lives in Africa were:
a. Plagued by malnutrition and severe disease, with abundant evidence of hypoplasias and other pathologies
b. Relatively free of malnutrition and severe disease, with little evidence of hypoplasias or other pathologies.
c. Characterized by extremely hard physical labor, as indicated by enlarged muscle attachments and lesions from torn muscles.
d. Characterized by extreme violence and warfare, as indicated by the presence of abundant healed and unhealed skeletal fractures.
Q:
Bioarchaeological analysis of the burials from the African Burial Ground site in New York City showed that:
a. Nearly all of the burials were individuals > 55 years old; the earliest slaves were therefore treated better than archaeologists had assumed based on the known treatment of later slaves.
b. Half of the population died before reaching the age of 12, with another peak in mortality between the ages of 15 and 20.
c. The population had suffered from extreme malnutrition and rampant disease, but they were not forced to work very hard.
d. The skeletal remains were too poorly reserved to determine anything about demographic structure or pathology of the burial population.
Q:
Which of the following is not a major theme of research in historical archaeology today?
a. The study of historically disenfranchised groups whose histories were incompletely recorded, recorded in a biased manner, or still sometimes ignored.
b. Attempts to resolve disputes over the nature of key historical events.
c. Attempts to locate and describe the oldest, largest, or most historically significant sites in order to ensure their protection.
d. The nature of European colonialism, the development of capitalism, and their effects on indigenous peoples.
Q:
How does contemporary historical archaeology differ from its prehistoric counterpart?
a. Modern historical archaeology often has a postprocessual slant to it, addressing humanistic and ideological concerns.
b. Historical archaeologists tend not to study large-scale processes; the high degree of temporal resolution in historic sites often leads investigators to focus on specific events or individuals.
c. Because historical archaeology deals with the relatively recent past, and all the cultural, political, and ethical challenges therein, it is often emotionally charged.
d. All of the above.
Q:
Ideology is a set of cultural, religious, or cosmological beliefs that rationalizes exploitative relations between classes or social groups, masking the fact that one group is exploiting another.
Q:
Optimal foraging theory operates on the principle that humans will select foods that offer high return rates, or the most calories for the amount of time invested in procurement and processing.