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Question
The effectiveness of nonmarket action is independent of the cost of organizing individuals and organizations with aligned interests.
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
Bribery involves transactions costs because both parties must conceal the payments and take measures to justify the selection.
Q:
Bribes are expected to indirectly benefit the least advantaged persons.
Q:
When misuse can be anticipated, marketing a product to those who are likely to misuse it may constitute deception.
Q:
If corruption is widespread in a country, then a firm should accept the functioning system and act as domestic firms do. This statement exemplifies cultural imperialism.
Q:
A dictator game involves ________.
a) a self-interested proposer and a responder who receive equal endowment before making a moral decision
b) a proposer and a responder who bilaterally make a decision about how much endowment to keep and how much to contribute
c) a proposer who unilaterally makes a decision about how much endowment to keep and how much to contribute to a responder, who takes no action and simply receives the contribution
d) a responder who unilaterally makes a decision about how much endowment to keep and how much to contribute to a proposer, who takes no action
Q:
More recently, researchers have turned to ________ to try to understand how individuals make choices when facing a moral issue.
a) Laboratory experiments
b) Ethnographic research
c) Direct observation
d) Internet-based experiments
Q:
What are Donaldsons five guidelines to ethical leadership?
Q:
Some managers argue that bribes are required because of extortion by government officials or bribes offered by competitors. In such cases, the injustice standard is applicable and requires that the manager ask whether, ________.
a) if the payment were publicly disclosed, the publics in the host and home country would agree that it should have been paid
b) if the payment increased aggregate utility
c) if a fraction of the payment were used in charitable purposes
d) if the payment were made in response to a competitors payment and if it positively impacted the annual revenue
Q:
In 1999, the European Union enacted a ________ that made criminal offenses of active bribery and passive bribery (extortion) that gives any undue advantage of domestic and foreign public officials and of private sector personnel.
a) Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions
b) Criminal Law Convention on Corruption
c) The Cumminss Act
d) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
Q:
In a situation in which payments are either demanded or likely to be required to obtain a sale, managers should first consider ________.
a) national trade policies
b) corporate codes of conduct
c) international laws
d) ethics
Q:
Which of the following is true with regard to the Fair Labor Association (FLA)?
a) The FLA code of workplace standards does not cover forced labor.
b) The FLA code of workplace standards does not cover collective bargaining.
c) The FLA code does not provide for a living wage.
d) The FLA lacks the characteristics of a government institution.
Q:
International law differs from domestic law in that ________.
a) international law is arbitrary and does not command respect
b) in international law, sanctions are highly credible
c) in international law, sanctions may not be credible and enforcement is often left to individual nations.
d) in international law, sanctions are enforced by the International Criminal Court
Q:
From Friedmans perspective, a conception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) that differs from shareholder value maximization must be costly and can have only two interpretationseither a political process is to be used to make decisions or ________.
a) managers are to act as agents rather than as principals
b) managers are to act as principals rather than as agents
c) shareholders are to act as principals rather than as agents
d) consumers are to act as principals rather than as agents
Q:
Which of the following is true with regard to the trust gap between firms and the public in general?
a) The greater the size of the firm, the greater the trust accorded to it.
b) The public trust in large firms is low, and criticisms of business are often viewed with a degree of credibility that is not accorded to the communication by firms.
c) The apparent lack of trust in NGOs stands in stark contrast to the trust in global companies.
d) The public trust in large firms is higher than that in smaller firms because large firms are less vulnerable to social pressures.
Q:
Social responsibility focuses less on pressures and more on normative principles that identify duties based on ________.
a) conceptions of well-being
b) conceptions of nonmarket challenges
c) maximizing shareholder value
d) maximizing profits
Q:
Investors prefer managerial capitalism to market capitalism.
Q:
Social performance is not only self-assessed by firms but is also assessed through external monitoring and evaluation by activist and other groups.
Q:
Firms that are financially weaker face lesser social pressure, which is inconsistent with the soft-target hypothesis.
Q:
Social activities could be undertaken as a perquisite for management, and if so, social performance should be greater the greater are the slack resources available to managers.
Q:
Social pressure results from private and public politics and is directed to selected firms and industries.
Q:
In contrast to corporate social performance, corporate social responsibility need not be motivated by moral considerations but instead could be strategic or a response to the social pressure a firm faces.
Q:
Managerial capitalism can result in inefficiency when the incentives of management are not structured properly.
Q:
Compliance with the law is an essential guide for responsible management, but reliance solely on the law is rarely sufficient.
Q:
From Friedmans perspective, the responsibility of managers, serving as agents of the owners of the firm, the principals, is to maximize profits (shareholder value) by engaging in free and open competition.
Q:
Who bears the cost of protectionism and how?
Q:
Outline the structure of the U.S. trade policy.
Q:
In relation to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB), ________ has been involved in more disputes than any other country.
a) the United States
b) Venezuela
c) Brazil
d) North Korea
Q:
Article XVI of the GATT ________.
a) allows for temporary safeguard relief from imports
b) is the subsidies code
c) covers antidumping and countervailing duties
d) sets a framework for the elimination of quantitative restrictions on trade
Q:
The International Trade Organization (ITO) was established by a group of nations, under the leadership of ________.
a) Japan
b) the USSR.
c) the United States
d) China
Q:
According to the U.S .Constitution, the Congress is not vested with the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and to lay and collect duties.