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Question
The eighteenth century witnessed a considerable expansion of the public sphere. Define what is meant by public sphere, and describe the various ways in which the colonists participated in it. Be sure to include in your discussion not only who was participating but also who was excluded.
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
Why could someone argue that the North was complicit in the expansion of slavery?
a. Many northern states had slaves at one time.
b. Some slaves ran away to northern states.
c. Some slaveholders were originally from the North.
d. Most in the North wanted to reopen the importation of slaves.
e. Northern factory demand for cotton steadily increased.
Q:
Which two categories delineate the key differences among southern states in the decades before the Civil War?
a. slave and free states
b. New and Old South
c. French and British cultures
d. Upper and Lower South
e. coastal and interior states
Q:
What economic effect did southern slavery have on the North?
a. It was minimal at best, which helps to explain why northerners routinely opposed slavery.
b. Many northerners profited from investing in real estate partnerships that controlled southern plantations.
c. A few New York shipping companies benefited from slavery, but the institution had little effect otherwise.
d. Southern slavery helped finance industrialization and internal improvements in the North.
e. Southern slavery drained resources from the North and helped keep the whole nation in a depression during the 1850s.
Q:
What was true of the South and slavery in nineteenth-century America?
a. England did not need cotton from the South.
b. The Souths total population consisted of 20 percent slaves.
c. As it moved closer to 1860, the rate of natural increase for the slave population was decreasing.
d. The amount of money invested in slavery was a small part of the economy.
e. The Old South had developed into the largest and most powerful slave society the modern world has known.
Q:
The U.S. slave population on the eve of the Civil War was approximately
a. 1 million.
b. 2 million.
c. 3 million.
d. 4 million.
e. 5 million.
Q:
Slave rebellions were rare but important. Compare the slave rebellions (merely planned or actually carried out) of Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner. What did Vesey attempt to do? What did Turner attempt to do? How were these men similar? How did they view slavery and freedom? How did white society react to them, and why?
Q:
Nat Turner was not a particularly religious man.
Q:
In the two decades before the Civil War, public debate about the morality and future of slavery became common throughout the South.
Q:
Which was a facet of Abraham Lincolns approach toward slavery during the first two years of his presidency?
a. He freed slaves in Union-controlled Confederate territory.
b. He promoted colonization of freed slaves outside of the United States.
c. He referred to the Civil War as a freedom war in public speeches.
d. He refused to approve compensation for slaveowners in Union states like Missouri.
e. He urged slaves to refuse to work unless paid fair wages.
Q:
Of the enslaved people who gained their freedom in the Western Hemisphere between 1831 and 1888,
a. two-thirds lived in Brazil.
b. two-thirds lived in the British Caribbean.
c. two-thirds lived in the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico.
d. two-thirds lived in the southern United States.
e. two-thirds lived in the French Caribbean.
Q:
The last nation in the Western Hemisphere to abolish slavery was
a. the United States.
b. Cuba.
c. Brazil.
d. Haiti.
e. Jamaica.
Q:
Approximately how many slaves gained their freedom in the Western Hemisphere between 1831 and 1888?
a. 10,000
b. 100,000
c. 600,000
d. 1 million
e. 6 million
Q:
The major Confederate army in the East, commanded by Robert E. Lee, was called the Army of
a. the Rappahannock.
b. the Blue Ridge.
c. Southern Maryland.
d. the Chesapeake.
e. Northern Virginia.
Q:
At the first Battle of Bull Run
a. spectators from the city came to watch.
b. the Union won a smashing victory.
c. both sides suffered more casualties than they did in any other single day during the war.
d. the Confederates swept northward and briefly captured Washington, D.C.
e. General Grant made a name for himself.
Q:
What was the most important piece of technology during the Civil War?
a. primitive hand grenade
b. ironclad ship
c. observation balloon
d. rifle
e. telegraph
Q:
George McClellan ran for president in 1864, pledging to end the Civil War.
Q:
The New York City draft riots, begun as an attempt to resist the draft, turned into an assault on the citys black population.
Q:
In the early days of the war, northern military commanders returned fugitive slaves to their owners.
Q:
Since Robert E. Lees army did not retreat, the North could not claim Antietam as a victory.
Q:
In his last speech, Lincoln said what regarding postwar policy?
a. Democracy demanded that African-Americans should play leading roles in southern politics.
b. Southern whites would never concede defeat, so Reconstruction must be mild.
c. He would defer to Radical Republicans in Congress.
d. There should be at least limited black suffrage.
e. Large southern planters should be made to pay dearly for having caused the war.
Q:
The Thirteenth Amendment
a. introduced the word slavery into the Constitution.
b. was ratified by the states in January 1865.
c. granted women the right to vote.
d. was opposed by the Radical Republicans.
e. abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States, with no exceptions.
Q:
The Thirteenth Amendment
a. abolished slavery throughout the United States.
b. was strongly supported by Democrats in 1864.
c. set up a gradual plan of emancipation.
d. defined U.S. citizenship to include African-Americans.
e. specifically gave black men the right to vote.
Q:
General Sherman marched from Atlanta to the sea in order to
a. link up with Grants army.
b. engage Lee in battle.
c. demoralize the Souths civilian population.
d. secure Richmond for the Union.
e. free Union prisoners at Andersonville.
Q:
After the capture of Vicksburg, the Union army established a labor system in Louisiana and the Mississippi Valley that
a. plantation owners were satisfied with, but formerly enslaved people were not.
b. formerly enslaved people were satisfied with, but plantation owners were not.
c. established the basis for economic independence for black families through landownership.
d. required emancipated slaves sign labor contracts for paid wages with white plantation owners.
e. made no provision for black workers to obtain education or protection from violence and family separation.
Q:
In the May and June 1864 battles in Virginia (between the armies of Grant and Lee)
a. the Union army was forced to retreat down the peninsula in defeat.
b. Lees brutality earned him the nickname the Butcher.
c. the Confederates launched the heroic but unsuccessful Picketts Charge.
d. the Union army, despite high casualties, pressed forward in its campaign.
e. Grants men decisively defeated Lees army, which forced the evacuation of Richmond.
Q:
Which of the following could explain why Robert E. Lee invaded the North in 1863?
a. He hoped to liberate Confederate soldiers in a prisoner-of-war camp in Pennsylvania.
b. He wanted to destroy northern factories that were producing weapons.
c. He wanted revenge for Stonewall Jacksons death.
d. He hoped to destroy the railroad junction at Gettysburg.
e. He hoped to destroy the morale of the Union army.
Q:
King Cotton diplomacy resulted in
a. a steep increase in wartime cotton production in the Confederacy.
b. Britain supporting the Confederacy in the Civil War.
c. postwar impoverishment of cotton farmers around the world.
d. a sustained global shortage of cotton because no other nations could produce it.
e. a global increase in cotton prices for several decades.
Q:
Which industry declined during the Civil War?
a. iron
b. coal
c. cotton
d. boots and shoes
e. meat
Q:
The Union draft law
a. allowed wealthy men to hire a substitute or buy their way out of military service.
b. required rich and poor alike to serve equally in the Union army.
c. was supported by Irish immigrants in New York City.
d. increased support for the war among working-class Catholics in northeastern cities.
e. resulted in Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller, and Jay Gould suspending their business operations in order to fight in the Union army.
Q:
Copperheads were
a. what Republicans called northern opponents of the war.
b. supporters of minting more copper coins to inflate the currency.
c. advocates of creating the Third Bank of the United States.
d. southern whites who opposed the Confederacy.
e. the strongest supporters of emancipation.