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Question
The Enlightenment thinkers who influenced many educated Americans in the eighteenth century
a. faced their fiercest critic in Benjamin Franklin, who didnt believe in the validity of the scientific method.
b. taught that the scientific method should only be applied to the natural world, and not society or politics.
c. believed that reason was useless because people were predestined for salvation or damnation.
d. taught that reason should be the basis for judging every human institution, authority, and tradition.
e. believed that men and women could achieve spiritual salvation by repenting for their sins.
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
Which is true of black soldiers fighting for the Union army during the Civil War?
a. They developed a reputation for being vicious and ruthless warriors.
b. Most were drafted into service.
c. They performed the same duties as white soldiers from the outset, but at lower pay.
d. Their accomplishments contributed to the evolution of Lincolns ideas concerning equal rights before the law.
e. They enjoyed more equality with whites in the army than in the navy.
Q:
Which was a facet of Abraham Lincolns approach toward slavery during the first two years of his presidency?
a. He freed slaves in Union-controlled Confederate territory.
b. He promoted colonization of freed slaves outside of the United States.
c. He referred to the Civil War as a freedom war in public speeches.
d. He refused to approve compensation for slaveowners in Union states like Missouri.
e. He urged slaves to refuse to work unless paid fair wages.
Q:
Of the enslaved people who gained their freedom in the Western Hemisphere between 1831 and 1888,
a. two-thirds lived in Brazil.
b. two-thirds lived in the British Caribbean.
c. two-thirds lived in the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico.
d. two-thirds lived in the southern United States.
e. two-thirds lived in the French Caribbean.
Q:
The last nation in the Western Hemisphere to abolish slavery was
a. the United States.
b. Cuba.
c. Brazil.
d. Haiti.
e. Jamaica.
Q:
Approximately how many slaves gained their freedom in the Western Hemisphere between 1831 and 1888?
a. 10,000
b. 100,000
c. 600,000
d. 1 million
e. 6 million
Q:
The major Confederate army in the East, commanded by Robert E. Lee, was called the Army of
a. the Rappahannock.
b. the Blue Ridge.
c. Southern Maryland.
d. the Chesapeake.
e. Northern Virginia.
Q:
At the first Battle of Bull Run
a. spectators from the city came to watch.
b. the Union won a smashing victory.
c. both sides suffered more casualties than they did in any other single day during the war.
d. the Confederates swept northward and briefly captured Washington, D.C.
e. General Grant made a name for himself.
Q:
What was the most important piece of technology during the Civil War?
a. primitive hand grenade
b. ironclad ship
c. observation balloon
d. rifle
e. telegraph
Q:
John Peter Zengers libel trial
a. resulted from his publication of news stories questioning the intelligence of the king.
b. probably would not have ended in his acquittal if he had attacked the assembly rather than the governor.
c. set back freedom of the press when it ended in his conviction and imprisonment for printing the truth.
d. showed that the public was not yet ready to accept the idea of freedom of speech.
e. led to the overturning of the Licentiousness Act of 1694.
Q:
How was freedom of the press viewed in the eighteenth century?
a. Leaders saw it as a natural right.
b. Governments praised it as helping democracy.
c. After 1695 the British government required a license for printing.
d. Newspapers did not feel it was necessary.
e. Governments in both England and the colonies viewed it as dangerous.
Q:
Which of the following was a key difference between republicanism and liberalism?
a. Republicanism viewed social inequality as innate to society, while liberalism considered inequality as solely evidence of poor governance.
b. Republicanism stressed active participation in public life, while liberalism focused on individual rights that were essentially private.
c. Republicanism emphasized the equality of property owners and nonproperty owners, while liberalism rejected the idea of the social contract and the existence of natural rights.
d. Republicanism embraced a limited role for government, while liberalism saw the government as having a role in enforcing public morality.
e. Republicanism was the first political school of thought to oppose slavery, while liberalism considered slavery essential to the liberty of white men.
Q:
The 1741 panic in New York City that led to thirty-four executions was sparked by
a. a declaration of war by the Spanish empire.
b. the seizing of the New York armory by the British.
c. a rally of boisterous Irish.
d. the imprisonment of twenty free blacks.
e. a series of fires breaking out throughout the city.
Q:
Tobacco plantations in the Chesapeake region
a. were so profitable that by the mid-eighteenth century their owners became the wealthiest people in British North America.
b. did not have any slaves on small farms.
c. helped make the Chesapeake colonies models of mercantilism.
d. were far less successful than tobacco plantations that developed in the lower southern colonies.
e. were known throughout the world as models of how slaves should be treated.
Q:
What differentiated slavery in New England and the Middle Colonies from slavery in the Southern colonies?
a. Whereas most Protestant churches in New England and the Middle Colonies promoted slavery, Protestant churches in the South condemned the practice.
b. Whereas New England and the Middle Colonies only had indentured servants as laborers, the South predominantly had slavery.
c. Whereas New England and the Middle Colonies had nonplantation-based slavery, slavery in the South focused on the tobacco- and rice-based plantation systems.
d. Whereas New England and the Middle Colonies only had slaves who worked in homes, the South only had slaves who worked on large plantations, not on small farms.
e. Whereas New England and the Middle Colonies had laws in place regarding slavery, the South had no laws regulating the status of slaves.
Q:
Which of the following is a true statement about the Atlantic slave trades effect in West Africa?
a. It had little effect in West Africa, because more than 90 percent of enslaved people came from East Africa.
b. It helped lead to the rise of militarized states in West Africa, whose large armies preyed upon their neighbors in order to capture slaves.
c. It encouraged the expansion of West Africas domestic textile industry, which supplied clothing for slaves.
d. It led to an increase in West Africas population during the 1700s, as slave traders encouraged women to have more children who would then be sold into slavery.
e. It successfully united West African nations to resist European slave traders, who reluctantly ended the trade by 1763.
Q:
Explain how and why tobacco planters in the Chesapeake region came to rely on African slaves rather than European indentured servants over the course of the seventeenth century. At what point did the Chesapeake become a slave society rather than merely a society with slaves?
Q:
By the 1750s, North American colonists possessed a dual identity: they were both British in their attempts at Anglicization and also distinctly American. What factors contributed to this dual identity? What reinforced both the British and American identities? How did people in Great Britain view the identity of their colonists? Be sure to discuss political, cultural, social, and economic aspects of society.
Q:
Liberty of conscience, wrote a German newcomer in 1739, was the chief virtue of British North America, and on this score I do not repent my immigration. Explain what he meant by that remark. What did immigrants find attractive about the British colonies? What liberties and freedoms were available to the newcomers?
Q:
The Glorious Revolution solidified the notion that liberty was a birthright of the Englishman. Explain how the Glorious Revolution contributed to this idea and how it subsequently affected the colonies. Did all of the colonists react to the Glorious Revolution in the same way? If there were differences, what were they? How was the language of liberty used?
Q:
Most colonists did not complain about the British regulating trade through the Navigation Acts.
Q:
In the eighteenth century, efforts began to stop emigration from England, except that convicts were still sent to bolster the Chesapeake labor force.
Q:
Bacons Rebellion was caused by a conflict between blacks and whites in Virginia.
Q:
Slavery flourished in Brazil and the West Indies in the seventeenth century because of tobacco.
Q:
The freedom William Penn was particularly concerned with was the right to worship freely.
Q:
New Netherland never became an important or heavily populated colony in the Dutch empire.
Q:
Englands terms of surrender with New Netherland eliminated religious toleration because the English leaders believed it inhibited economic growth.
Q:
Which of the following statements accurately describes North America in the mid-eighteenth century?
a. The British colonies remained untouched by the demand for consumer goods due to a struggling economy.
b. British colonists experienced exceedingly low birth rates and life expectancy rates due to poor quality of life.
c. Slavery had reached its height, from where began a steep decline before it ended with the Civil War.
d. Free white colonists enjoyed perhaps the highest per capita income in the world.
e. The British colonies had a much smaller population base when compared to the French colonies.
Q:
What was one reason for the high birth rate in farm families during the eighteenth century?
a. The independence of the small farmer depended to a great degree on the labor of children in his family.
b. Infant mortality was extremely high, and only through near-continuous births could any living offspring be assured.
c. Women were becoming increasingly independent and bolstered their power by rearing numerous children.
d. Polygamy gained popularity, allowing multiple wives to be pregnant at any given time.
e. The popularity of celibacy was on the decline, due to an increase in religious toleration.
Q:
In 1750, taking the English American colonies as a whole, the richest 10 percent of the population owned
a. 10 percent of the wealth.
b. 50 percent of the wealth.
c. 90 percent of the wealth.
d. 20 percent of the wealth.
e. 75 percent of the wealth.
Q:
English American cities
a. were much larger than Spanish American cities.
b. served mainly as sites of factory production.
c. were home to large populations of successful artisans.
d. contained 90 percent of the colonial population.
e. contained a steadily decreasing number of poor, propertyless wage earners.