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Question
The ___________ is described as the doorway through which subcortical systems of the nervous system communicate with the cerebral cortex.
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
Treatments that concentrate on improving the timing and placement of articulatory movements through modeling, positioning of the articulators, and repetition are called: A. articulatory kinematic treatments B. rate and rhythm procedures C. alternative and augmentative communication procedures D. intersystemic facilitation and reorganization treatments
Q:
Nearly all treatments for apraxia of speech are: A. medically based procedures B. surgically based procedures C. prosthetic based interventions D. behaviorally based procedures
Q:
Apraxia of speech is a subcategory of: A. ideational apraxia B. limb apraxia C. nonverbal oral apraxia D. ideomotor apraxia
Q:
The errors in apraxia of speech are caused by: A. muscle weakness B. abnormal muscle tone C. deficits in sequencing motor movements D. decreased muscle steadiness
Q:
The general rule in treating mixed dysarthria is to treat the component that is: A. least severe B. most annoying to the clinician C. most severe D. in need of the least effort on the patients part
Q:
A patient could have a mixed dysarthria with: A. lower motor neuron involvement B. upper motor neuron involvement C. upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron involvement D. cranial nerve involvement
Q:
An untreatable, rare, inherited, progressive disorder that causes neuron degeneration in the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord with death occurring within 10 to 15 years after the initial appearance of the symptoms is: A. multisystems atrophy B. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) C. Wilsons disease D. Friedreichs ataxia
Q:
What is the most prominent speech error in dystonia? A. articulation B. phonation C. respiration D. prosody
Q:
What component of speech production will more or less be equally affected by hyperkinetic movements? A. articulation, phonation, respiration, and resonance B. phonation, respiration, and resonance C. articulation, phonation, respiration, resonance, and prosody D. articulation, phonation, resonance, and prosody
Q:
Regarding L-dopa, which of the following is NOT true? A. It is a chemical that can reach the striatum and then is converted into dopamine by the brain. B. L-Dopa can significantly reduce tremor, bradykinesia, akinesia, and rigidity in many hypokinetic movement disorders. C. L-Dopa has the greatest positive impact on speech. D. Side effects of L-dopa range from minor to severe.
Q:
What is known about rigidity and spasticity? A. With spasticity, increasing resistance to the passive movement is followed by an abrupt increase in resistance of the muscle being tested. B. Rigidity demonstrates a more or less constant weakening when provided passive movement. C. Spasticity is the result of decreased muscle tone. D. Rigidity and spasticity are both the result of increased muscle tone.
Q:
Which speech systems are most impacted by ataxic dysarthria? A. respiration and phonation B. processing and prosody C. articulation and prosody D. articulation and resonance
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a prosodic deficit present in the speech of individuals with ataxic dysarthria? A. inappropriate silences B. prolonged phonemes C. monopitch D. slow rate
Q:
Minimal contrast drills require the patient to concentrate n producing pairs of words that vary by only one___________.
Q:
Exaggerating consonants is also known as ___________.
Q:
Duffy (2005) reported that when prosody is affected, the most likely cause is: A. excess and equal stress B. increased rate of speech segments C. pitch errors D. slightly slow rate of speech
Q:
Brain damage from lack of oxygen in the blood is called ___________.
Q:
A single stroke can cause spastic dysarthria only when it occurs in the ___________.
Q:
What are three evaluation tasks Duffy (2005) identified to be especially helpful in evoking the speech characteristics most associated with spastic dysarthria? A. conversational speech and reading, AMR tasks, and vowel prolongations B. conversational speech and reading, blowing, and vowel prolongations C. conversational speech, singing, and consonant production D. answering questions, vowel prolongation, and consonant production
Q:
Pseudobulbar palsy is: A. used to describe flaccid dysarthria B. known as false bulbar palsy C. means rapid movements of muscles for speech production D. caused by damage to lower motor neurons
Q:
Uncontrollable crying or laughing that can accompany damage to the upper motor neurons of the brainstem, caused by damage to the areas of the brain that are important in inhibiting emotions is known as: A. bulbar affect B. cognitive impairment C. pseudobulbar affect D. spasms
Q:
Spastic dysarthria is caused by bilateral damage to: A. the pyramidal and extrapyramidal neural pathways B. lower motor neurons C. parts of the PNS D. cranial nerves of speech production
Q:
The cranial motor neurons from the accessory nerve help innervate the intrinsic muscles of the velum, pharynx, and ___________.
Q:
Which cranial nerve has three branches, each having a special importance for speech production? A. trigeminal B. facial C. glossopharyngeal D. vagus
Q:
Flaccid dysarthria affects the muscles of: A. respiration only B. respiration and articulation only C. respiration, phonation, and articulation, but not prosody or resonance D. respiration, phonation, articulation, prosody, and resonance
Q:
___________ is a disruption in the sequencing of oral movements that are nonverbal.
Q:
Dysarthria is: A. a speech language deficit resulting from neuromotor damage to the PNS or CNS, with damage affecting any of the five components of speech production and language B. a psychological disorder masked by speech production deficits resulting from neuromotor damage to the PNS or CNS, with damage affecting any of the five components of speech production C. a speech production deficit resulting from neuromotor damage to the PNS or CNS, with damage affecting one component of speech production D. a speech production deficit resulting from neuromotor damage to the PNS or CNS, with damage affecting any of the five components of speech production
Q:
When diagnosing motor speech disorders, most clinicians rely on: A. instrumentation B. perceptual analysis C. tuning forks D. sophisticated devices
Q:
The central nervous system consists of the brain and ___________.
Q:
Bundles of axons as found in the CNS are often called: A. tracts B. tracks C. bundles D. nerves