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Question
The one American who, more than anyone else, symbolized the spirit of the Enlightenment was ________.A) Jonathan Edwards
B) George Washington
C) Cotton Mather
D) George Whitefield
E) Benjamin Franklin
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
Why did northern sentiment to free the slaves increase as the war dragged on?
A) People began to realize that slavery was immoral.
B) People recognized that emancipation could be used as a weapon against the South's economic and social systems.
C) Congress thought it would be easier to reintegrate the southern states into the Union if slavery were abolished.
D) Hatred for the South and the Confederacy had increased.
E) Strategists thought that a northern emancipation law might goad southern military leaders into making tactical mistakes.
Q:
To secure the necessary troops for the war, both the North and the South ________.
A) resorted to a draft
B) forbade wealthy men to buy exemptions
C) allowed women to join combat units
D) hired mercenaries from Europe
E) used "press gangs," coercion, and blackmail to obtain soldiers
Q:
Copperheads ________.
A) strongly supported the Emancipation Proclamation
B) supported the growth of the federal government
C) narrowly won victory in the 1864 election
D) were militant antiwar activists
E) were a group of wealthy industrialists who secretly financed the war
Q:
The Enrollment Act of March 1863 ________.
A) drafted white men but allowed them to hire a substitute or pay a fee to avoid service
B) drafted black males into the armed forces but denied them pay for their service
C) allowed black men to join the American armed forces for the first time
D) required that all military service be voluntary rather than mandatory
E) prohibited wealthy men from hiring substitutes or paying a fee to avoid service
Q:
During the Civil War, about ________ African Americans served in the Union Army.
A) 10,000
B) 100,000
C) 200,000
D) 500,000
E) 1,000,000
Q:
The Emancipation Proclamation freed ________.
A) all slaves throughout the United States
B) only slaves in the loyal border states
C) only slaves in the western territories
D) only slaves in the Confederate-controlled areas
E) only children born in the future to those who were then slaves
Q:
As a war leader, Jefferson Davis ________.
A) focused more on policymaking than controlling the military
B) had an excellent relationship with his generals
C) lacked initiative and leadership on the home front
D) frequently used martial law to retain control
E) had the full support of southern governors
Q:
Why did the Republican Party call for "free soil" in the territories rather than freedom for African Americans?
A) Focusing on land rather than people would make it easier to pass legislation through Congress.
B) The party knew that achieving its dream of liberating all African Americans was unrealistic, so it settled on the compromise of "free soil."
C) The party was focusing on "free soil" as a first step in the eventual freedom of all African Americans.
D) Putting the focus on the laws of the land rather than the freedom of African Americans would prevent isolating the hard line racists in the party.
E) Abolitionism conflicted with the North's commitment to both white supremacy and the original constitutional compromise about slavery.
Q:
How did Southerners react to Lincoln's victory in the presidential election of 1860?
A) They celebrated the end of sectionalist tensions that plagued the nation.
B) They were optimistic that Lincoln would preserve their interests.
C) They redoubled their efforts to win the next congressional election.
D) They resigned themselves to being permanent minorities in America.
E) They launched a movement to secede from the Union.
Q:
In the South, how was James Buchanan's winning of the 1856 presidential election viewed?
A) with a temporary sense of relief
B) as a long-term victory for the southern cause
C) as a victory for Free-Soil supporters
D) with a strong sense of dismay
E) as evidence of the strength of the North's threat
Q:
Why did the Free-Soil movement support the exclusion of slavery from the territories?
A) It believed in racial justice.
B) It believed in the immorality of slavery.
C) It feared the outbreak of slave insurrections in the territories.
D) It feared labor competition from slaves.
E) Most western land was unsuited for plantation agriculture.
Q:
The tension between ________ became nearly insurmountable in the years between the elections of 1856 and 1860.
A) blacks and whites
B) Northerners and Southerners
C) immigrants and native-born citizens
D) farmers and factory owners
E) Southerners and former slaves
Q:
A small-scale civil war over slavery broke out in the late 1850s between rival regimes of which state?
A) Missouri
B) Kansas
C) South Carolina
D) Tennessee
E) Texas
Q:
Which of the following was true about the Compromise of 1850?
A) It temporarily restored sectional peace.
B) It failed to pass Congress despite revisions.
C) It prohibited slavery in the New Mexico territory.
D) It made it easier for escaped slaves to hide in the West.
E) It temporarily made California a slave state.
Q:
In what area did the Wilmot Proviso propose to ban slavery?
A) in the northern states
B) in the southern states
C) in territory acquired from Mexico
D) in any future U.S. territories
E) from all U.S. lands
Q:
What caused the Mexican-American War to last much longer than expected?
A) The Americans lacked the resources to attack in earnest.
B) The Americans lost a string of important battles.
C) Severe weather slowed the American advance.
D) The Mexicans were better prepared to battle in the Mexican terrain.
E) The Mexicans stubbornly refused to make peace despite military defeats.
Q:
What caused James Polk to send troops to Mexico?
A) to retaliate for the harsh Mexican treatment of Texans
B) to protect the southern border of the United States
C) to enforce U.S. claims along the Texas-Mexico border
D) to prevent a Mexican attempt to reacquire Texas
E) to distract Americans from other domestic issues
Q:
Why did President John Tyler initiate the politics of Manifest Destiny beginning in 1841?
A) He wanted to win the support of his fellow Whigs.
B) He wanted to reconcile the Whig and Democratic parties.
C) He was inspired by the beliefs of Henry Clay.
D) He wanted to build a base for his reelection in 1844.
E) He hoped to identify himself with James Monroe.
Q:
How did Andrew Jackson and his administration react to Texas becoming an independent republic in 1836?
A) They tried to convince Texans to return to Mexican rule.
B) They declared war on Mexico to defend Texas's revolt.
C) They immediately annexed Texas.
D) They formally recognized Texas as a sovereign republic.
E) They refused to recognize Texas as a republic.
Q:
What did the Female Labor Reform Association campaign for?
A) more jobs for women and children
B) more managerial positions for women
C) higher pay
D) shorter working hours
E) an end to all forms of sexual harassment
Q:
What was the period of greatest immigration in proportion to the overall population in America?
A) 1790 to 1800
B) 1805 to 1815
C) 1840 to 1860
D) 1880 to 1890
E) 1910 to 1920
Q:
Where did most of the immigrants to the United States come from in the 1840s and 1850s?
A) the Middle East
B) Europe
C) Africa
D) Latin America
E) China
Q:
In 1860, most Americans worked in what sector?
A) ranching
B) gold mining
C) farming
D) the textile industry
E) the transportation industry
Q:
What was the greatest triumph of American technology during the mid-nineteenth century?
A) improvements in the transportation infrastructure
B) new uses for vulcanized rubber
C) improved farm implements
D) sophisticated machine tools
E) more efficient farming strategies
Q:
Which of the following forms of transportation had the greatest impact on the American economy during the 1840s and 1850s?
A) the clipper ship
B) the canal system
C) the steamboat
D) the covered wagon
E) the railroad
Q:
Which of the following did not result from the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
A) The Rio Grande was confirmed as the southern border of Texas.
B) The United States paid Mexico $15 million.
C) Slavery would not be allowed west of the Rio Grande.
D) Mexico ceded New Mexico and California to the United States.
E) Mexican residents of the ceded areas would become American citizens.
Q:
Which of the following best sums up the ideals of John O"Sullivan's concept of Manifest Destiny?
A) North America was American property.
B) Britain and Mexico were the natural enemies of the U.S.
C) Industrialization and expansion are inextricably linked.
D) The U.S. was destined to expand into North America.
E) The U.S. was doomed if it could not expand.
Q:
One of the important ideas behind the concept of Manifest Destiny was ________.
A) converting recent immigrants to Protestantism
B) the establishment of the factory system
C) the inclusion of women in the workforce
D) territorial expansion
E) the abolition of slavery
Q:
What was the platform of Sam Houston, the first president of Texas?
A) He fought to prevent the annexation of Texas.
B) He was against annexation in any form.
C) He was against annexation unless it included the Oklahoma territory.
D) He was for annexation but only if it included the New Mexico territory.
E) He was for annexation immediately after Texas declared independence.
Q:
After the Mexican-American War, the Young America movement shifted its focus to which of the following?
A) economic growth and industrialization
B) adding Canada and Alaska to the United States
C) the abolition of slavery
D) making the United States a world power
E) spreading the gospel to foreign lands