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Question

The relationship between corporate philanthropy and financial performance can be described as:
a) positive " the more philanthropic behavior, the better the firm's financial performance
b) negative " the more philanthropic behavior, the worse the firm's financial performance
c) inverse U-shaped " up to a point, philanthropy and performance increase together; at a certain point, the relationship levels off and then declines
d) U-shaped " up to a point, philanthropy and performance decline together; at a certain point, the relationship levels off and then increases
e) none of the above

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