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Question
The valence of an effect refers to whether it is
a. weak or powerful in nature.
b. in a positive or negative direction.
c. influential at the individual or societal level.
d. None of the above
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
List and explain three of the 12 guidelines for increasing your own level of media literacy.
Q:
Distinguishing fantasy from reality in the media is often a difficult task.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Reality TV is a genre that appeals to
a. only people at the lowest levels of media literacy.
b. people at the medium level at media literacy.
c. only people at the highest levels of media literacy.
d. people at all levels of media literacy.
Q:
Which of the following indicates high levels of development or media literacy?
a. A person who watches television by default until she falls asleep
b. A person who easily gets angry without being able to control emotions
c. A person who purposely watches television to manage his mood
d. None of the above
Q:
Approximately what percentage of Americans agreed that most of us buy and consume more than we need?
a. 20%
b. 40%
c. 60%
d. 80%
Q:
All of the following statements are true, except
a. fantasy messages can be very entertaining because of their imaginative or humorous appeal.
b. fantasy messages can stimulate us to think creatively.
c. fantasy is a model to imitate.
d. All of the above messages are true.
Q:
The key to knowledge is that it is
a. hard to understand.
b. easy to understand.
c. complicated.
d. useful.
Q:
The purpose of developing a personal media literacy strategy is to
a. forsake all automatic processing.
b. gain control over the process of influence that the media currently dominate.
c. consume more media products.
d. None of the above
Q:
Define and exemplify unintentional and intentional media effects.
Q:
We are always in a process of being influenced by mass media messages.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following factors influence the media effects process?
a. Characteristics of a person
b. Characteristics of a message
c. Both characteristics of a person and characteristics of a message
d. Neither characteristics of a person nor characteristics of a message
Q:
All of the following are true about media and the institution of family, except
a. divorce rates have been climbing since television penetrated our culture.
b. many popular television series portray married life in a negative manner.
c. television is the only factor that has influenced the trend toward the breakdown of the traditional family.
d. media have the potential to bring the family together to share a common experience.
Q:
Describe the next-step reality formula.
Q:
To increase our media literacy, we need to increase our capacity to compare patterns of media messages with corresponding patters in the real world.
a. True
b. False
Q:
An important element of the mystery formula is withheld until the mystery is solved.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Every media message is a mix of reality and fantasy.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The key element of a put-down comedy is
a. imbalance of power between characters.
b. physical aggression.
c. quirky characters that illustrate the craziness of everyday life.
d. a budding romance between characters.
Q:
Audiences enjoy tragedies because they make people feel
a. better off compared with unfortunate characters.
b. positive emotions when they see the happy ending.
c. satisfied when bad things happen to the main characters.
d. All of the above
Q:
The inverted pyramid news-writing formula
a. developed as an adaptation to the digital news environment.
b. tells a story in an entertainment format.
c. begins a story with the most important information.
d. begins with teasers and ends with the most important information.
Q:
The three meta-genres of mass media content are
a. narratives, games, and interactive message platforms.
b. information, persuasion, and entertainment.
c. drama, comedy, and romance.
d. news, advertising, and drama.
Q:
Which type of decision during exposures does not occur automatically?
a. Meaning construction
b. Meaning matching
c. Filtering
d. None of the above; all type of decision during exposures are automatic.
Q:
Meaning matching
a. involves creative interpretation.
b. never becomes routine.
c. does not involve ones memory.
d. is about connecting symbols to meaning.
Q:
Explain niche audience and give examples of niche audiences.
Q:
The VALS typology segments audiences based on
a. demographics.
b. geography.
c. psychographics.
d. social class.
Q:
List and describe the four types of players of the mass media economic game.
Q:
The radio and magazine industries have been very successful in attracting people to a niche audience.
a. True
b. False
Q:
To minimize expenses, media companies pay above-the-line employees as little as possible (near minimum wage).
a. True
b. False
Q:
The economic media game has a definite beginning and end.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Below-the-line employees are those employees in media companies who
a. use fairly common skills to perform their jobs.
b. earn less than $100,000 per year.
c. do not have college degrees.
d. do not own a portion of the company.
Q:
For all types of players involved in the economic game that pertains to the media, the main goal is to
a. engage in exchanges with all other groups of players.
b. maximize the value of exchange for themselves.
c. spend the least amount of money.
d. hire the most talented employees.