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Question
Traditional theories of counseling consider external circumstances and environmental factors at the root of psychological problems.Answer
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Related questions
Q:
If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage of development, later personality problems may include:
a. rejecting others' love.
b. fear of intimate relationships.
c. mistrust of others.
d. all of these.
e. none of these.
Q:
Henry has the impulse to gamble excessively whenever he goes to Las Vegas. Aware of this, he has decided to turn down a job offer in Las Vegas to avoid the temptation to gamble. What part of Henry's personality helped him to reach this decision?
a. The id
b. The ego
c. The superego
Q:
A limitation of this approach as it applies to multicultural counseling is:
a. oppressed clients may have little choice over their circumstances.
b. this therapy provides specific tools to help clients make the changes they desire.
c. the concept of the quality world is abstract and lacks cross-cultural appeal.
d. reality therapists must be careful when adapting their approach to non-western cultures.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) change and the search for new possibilities, (b) the encouragement process,
(c) family constellation, (d) gender role intervention, (e) personal priorities
Q:
In psychoanalytic therapy, a technique of great importance is:
a. "The Question."
b. re-authoring one's life story.
c. value judgments.
d. interpretation.
e. solution talk as opposed to problem talk.
Q:
The core of reality therapy consists of:
a. teaching clients how to acquire rational beliefs instead of irrational beliefs.
b. helping clients to understand their unconscious dynamics.
c. giving clients opportunities to express unresolved feelings.
d. teaching clients to take effective control of their own lives.
Q:
Which of the following is not considered one of the six methodological components of Gestalt therapy?
a. assessment
b. the here and now
c. the authentic encounter
d. process-oriented diagnosis
e. the paradoxical theory of change
Q:
In feminist therapy, the following technique(s) is/are used to help clients recognize the impact of gender-role socialization:
a. free association
b. unbalancing
c. scaling questions
d. consciousness-raising
e. the miracle question
Q:
The primary aim of time limited dynamic psychotherapy is to:
a. explore sources of childhood trauma.
b. deal exclusively with a single presenting problem.
c. change the client's repetitive patterns of relating to others.
d. bring about catharsis.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) shame-attacking exercises, (b) the internal dialogue exercise (c) the reversal technique, (d) the rehearsal experiment, (e) the exaggeration experiment
Q:
In reality therapy, the purpose of developing an action plan is:
a. to encourage clients to stretch beyond their limits.
b. to teach clients to "think big."
c. to arrange for successful experience.
d. to arrive at the ultimate solution to a client's problem.
Q:
Who among the following is not considered a relational Gestalt therapist?
a. Fritz Perls
b. Laura Perls
c. Miriam Polster
d. Erv Polster
Q:
A key technique of Adlerian therapy is:
a. free association
b. dialogue with polarities.
c. family sculpting.
d. changing one's language.
e. the assessment of one's family constellation.
Q:
In Erikson's view, the major developmental task in adolescence is:
a. intimacy vs. isolation.
b. integrity vs. despair.
c. identity vs. role confusion.
d. initiative vs. guilt.
e. identity vs. shame and doubt.
Q:
In which of the following approaches to therapy does the therapist become active and directive, functioning as a trainer for the client?
a. existential therapy
b. person-centered therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. Gestalt therapy
e. psychoanalytic therapy
Q:
A reality therapist will primarily focus on:
a. past behavior.
b. present behavior.
c. feelings.
d. thoughts.
e. the client's personal history.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) multimodal therapy, (b) BASIC ID, (c) technical eclecticism, (d) therapeutic flexibility and versatility, (e) quality world
Q:
Maslow postulated a hierarchy of needs as a source of motivation, with the most basic needs being physiological needs.
Q:
Freud used the term libido in which of the following ways?
a. To refer to the death instincts
b. to refer to the energy of all the life instincts
c. To refer to sexual abuse
d. To account for the aggressive drive
Q:
Which of the following approaches encourages therapists to accurately grasp the client's "being in the world"?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. rational emotive behavior therapy
e. existential therapy
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) positive orientation, (b) look for what is working, (c) exceptions to a problem, (d) small changes pave way for larger changes, (e) therapist as expert
Q:
In which therapy approach is the client viewed as the expert on his or her own life, while the therapist is seen as an expert questioner who assists clients in freeing themselves of their problem-saturated stories and create new life-affirming stories?
a. existential therapy
b. narrative therapy
c. rational emotive behavior therapy
d. person-centered therapy
e. psychoanalytic therapy
Q:
In which of the following approaches does the therapist show concern for the client by a process of involvement throughout the course of therapy?
a. reality therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. family systems therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. solution-focused therapy
Q:
All of the following are true about planning and commitment in reality therapy, except:
a. Clients make a commitment to carry out their plans.
b. There is a connection between a person's identity and their level of commitment.
c. A great deal of time is spent on this step of reality therapy.
d. Commitment puts the responsibility for changing on the client.
e. Therapists only ask for commitments that are reasonable.
Q:
According to traditional psychoanalytic therapy, the therapist:
a. must establish an authentic encounter with the client.
b. should display genuineness and warmth.
c. remains anonymous.
d. is a teacher.
e. refuses to give up on the client.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) solution-focused brief therapy (b) self psychology, (c) object-relations theory, (d) borderline personality, (e) narcissistic personality
Q:
Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist be least likely to employ?
a. skillful questioning
b. encouraging clients to look at what they are doing
c. making action plans
d. engaging in homework to change behaviors
e. reliving an early childhood event
Q:
What is Robert Wubbolding likely to say about people's problems?
a. "People don"t have problems, they have solutions that have not worked."
b. "Most people are emotionally disturbed, but many of them are able to create a believable facade that they are high functioning. Don"t be fooled!"
c. "Most forms of psychopathology should be treated with medication."
d. "People who have problems should try reality therapy only after uncovering the unconscious determinants of their behavior."
Q:
When Rogers challenged the basic assumption that "the counselor knows best," he thought that this radical idea would affect the power dynamics and politics of the counseling profession, but to his surprise, it did not.
Q:
In reality therapy, the counseling environment is:
a. the time to explore past trauma.
b. characterized by a therapeutic climate that establishes the foundation for implementing procedures.
c. highly structured with the aim of changing cognitions.
d. conducive to restructuring one's personality.