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Question
Two important neurotransmitters that the basal ganglia depend on for balanced interaction are:
A. dopamine and acetylcholine
B. dopamine and substantia nigra
C. dopamine and striatum
D. dopamine and L-dopa
Answer
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Related questions
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Treatments that concentrate on improving the timing and placement of articulatory movements through modeling, positioning of the articulators, and repetition are called: A. articulatory kinematic treatments B. rate and rhythm procedures C. alternative and augmentative communication procedures D. intersystemic facilitation and reorganization treatments
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Apraxia of speech is a subcategory of: A. ideational apraxia B. limb apraxia C. nonverbal oral apraxia D. ideomotor apraxia
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The errors in apraxia of speech are caused by: A. muscle weakness B. abnormal muscle tone C. deficits in sequencing motor movements D. decreased muscle steadiness
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The general rule in treating mixed dysarthria is to treat the component that is: A. least severe B. most annoying to the clinician C. most severe D. in need of the least effort on the patients part
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What is the most prominent speech error in dystonia? A. articulation B. phonation C. respiration D. prosody
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What component of speech production will more or less be equally affected by hyperkinetic movements? A. articulation, phonation, respiration, and resonance B. phonation, respiration, and resonance C. articulation, phonation, respiration, resonance, and prosody D. articulation, phonation, resonance, and prosody
Q:
Regarding L-dopa, which of the following is NOT true? A. It is a chemical that can reach the striatum and then is converted into dopamine by the brain. B. L-Dopa can significantly reduce tremor, bradykinesia, akinesia, and rigidity in many hypokinetic movement disorders. C. L-Dopa has the greatest positive impact on speech. D. Side effects of L-dopa range from minor to severe.
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What is known about rigidity and spasticity? A. With spasticity, increasing resistance to the passive movement is followed by an abrupt increase in resistance of the muscle being tested. B. Rigidity demonstrates a more or less constant weakening when provided passive movement. C. Spasticity is the result of decreased muscle tone. D. Rigidity and spasticity are both the result of increased muscle tone.
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Which speech systems are most impacted by ataxic dysarthria? A. respiration and phonation B. processing and prosody C. articulation and prosody D. articulation and resonance
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Which of the following is NOT a prosodic deficit present in the speech of individuals with ataxic dysarthria? A. inappropriate silences B. prolonged phonemes C. monopitch D. slow rate
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Minimal contrast drills require the patient to concentrate n producing pairs of words that vary by only one___________.
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Duffy (2005) reported that when prosody is affected, the most likely cause is: A. excess and equal stress B. increased rate of speech segments C. pitch errors D. slightly slow rate of speech
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Brain damage from lack of oxygen in the blood is called ___________.
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A single stroke can cause spastic dysarthria only when it occurs in the ___________.
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What are three evaluation tasks Duffy (2005) identified to be especially helpful in evoking the speech characteristics most associated with spastic dysarthria? A. conversational speech and reading, AMR tasks, and vowel prolongations B. conversational speech and reading, blowing, and vowel prolongations C. conversational speech, singing, and consonant production D. answering questions, vowel prolongation, and consonant production
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Spastic dysarthria is caused by bilateral damage to: A. the pyramidal and extrapyramidal neural pathways B. lower motor neurons C. parts of the PNS D. cranial nerves of speech production
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___________ is a disruption in the sequencing of oral movements that are nonverbal.
Q:
Dysarthria is: A. a speech language deficit resulting from neuromotor damage to the PNS or CNS, with damage affecting any of the five components of speech production and language B. a psychological disorder masked by speech production deficits resulting from neuromotor damage to the PNS or CNS, with damage affecting any of the five components of speech production C. a speech production deficit resulting from neuromotor damage to the PNS or CNS, with damage affecting one component of speech production D. a speech production deficit resulting from neuromotor damage to the PNS or CNS, with damage affecting any of the five components of speech production
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The central nervous system consists of the brain and ___________.
Q:
Bundles of axons as found in the CNS are often called: A. tracts B. tracks C. bundles D. nerves