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Question
Valenzuela (1999) states that subtractive schooling contributes to the stereotypes, misunderstanding of cultural norms, student behaviors, and other deficits model. Which of the following represents subtractive schooling?a. Goal of schools is to transition English as a second language students to English-speaking rather than bilingual students.
b. Separating low-socioeconomic and racial/ethnic minority groups into separate tracks or ability groups
c. Separating by tracking or grouping does not establish peer relationships or social capital
d. All of the above
Answer
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