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Question
What do we mean when we refer to logical fallacies? List, define, and provide examples of five forms of flawed logic, and explain what a speaker could do to avoid committing these fallacies.Answer
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Related questions
Q:
When you're speaking to a hostile audience, one of the keys to success is convincing the audience that you are trustworthy and that you have their best interests in mind.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Neutral audiences are typically the most difficult to persuade because they have already heard both sides of an issue and neither side's arguments have had a significant impact on their attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Ideally, you should pick a persuasive speech that is not controversial.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Bob's supervisor at the fast-food restaurant gives him two optionseither he can reveal the name of the employee who accidentally broke a piece of equipment or both Bob and all the other employees who were working that night will be reprimanded and face losing their jobs. Bob's supervisor has committed coercion.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Define reduction to the absurd as a form of logical fallacy.
Q:
List the five hierarchical needs identified by Abraham Maslow.
Q:
Provide an example of a proposition of fact.
Q:
Which organizational pattern is presented as a good choice for when the audience has strong objections to the speaker's position?
A) problem-solution
B) problem-cause-solution
C) refutational
D) Monroe's motivated sequence
Q:
The following main points for a persuasive speech follow which organizational pattern?
I. Our precious farmland and the natural habitat many species of animals require to live are being swallowed up by urban sprawl.
II. Urban sprawl is the result of poor city planning and is ultimately fueled by our desire to own bigger and bigger homes regardless of our actual space needs.
III. We can reduce urban sprawl and help preserve our remaining natural areas by enforcing an urban growth boundary and by making the personal choice to purchase existing homes or new construction in existing neighborhoods.
A) problem-solution
B) problem-cause-solution
C) refutational design
D) comparative advantage
Q:
"It is wrong for us to deny gay and lesbian couples the right to marry" is an example of a proposition of
A) value
B) policy
C) fact
D) attitude
Q:
"Reducing the taxes that businesses pay will lead to lower unemployment and a stronger economy" is an example of a proposition of
A) value.
B) policy.
C) fact.
D) attitude.
Q:
Consider the topic of the death penalty. First, construct a proposition of fact, a proposition of value, and a proposition of policy that would support elimination of the death penalty. What needs could a speaker taking a stance in repealing the death penalty appeal to in his or her speech? Second, construct a proposition each of fact, value, and policy that would support use of the death penalty for capital crimes. What needs could a speaker taking this position appeal to in his or her speech?
Q:
Describe the organizational patterns that work well for persuasive speeches. What advice would you give to a speaker to help determine whether each particular pattern would work well for his or her speech?
Q:
Compare and contrast the three types of propositions used for persuasive speeches, and provide an example of each type.
Q:
A syllogism is a specific kind of inductive argument.
A) True
B) False
Q:
"Over the last few years, we have increased our gas production, developed more fuel-efficient cars, and done a better job of conserving gas, but gas prices have continued to rise. Obviously the law of supply and demand is not the only factor that influences the price of oil products." These statements reflect deductive reasoning.
A) True
B) False
Q:
The Elaboration Likelihood Model suggests that a persuasive speaker should ensure that the way issues are presented to an audience is appropriate to their level of understanding.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Your persuasive speech should target the needs your audience has already fulfilled because those needs are the most motivating to them.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Speakers are considered more knowledgeable and trustworthy when they know more than their audience does, so they should avoid defining terms for their audience.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Effective informative speakers often have to put effort into generating audience interest in their topic by emphasizing how learning the information will benefit them, or they risk losing their audience members' attention.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Explanatory speeches usually delve deeper into a subject than a speech of description would.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Important events in a speaker's life can serve as foundations for effective and interesting informative presentations.
A) True
B) False
Q:
Informative speeches should focus on only one category (for example, people, places, things, or processes) and should not include descriptions of more than one category of information in a single presentation.
A) True
B) False
Q:
What do we mean when we say that a good informative speaker will keep a speech simple for his or her audience by building on their prior knowledge?
Q:
Define issue as a category of informative speech topics.
Q:
Give an example of an object or a phenomenon that could serve as the topic of an informative speech.
Q:
The authors of your textbook explain that informative speakers have several goals and strategies at their disposal as they tailor a speech to their audience. Which of the following is not one of those goals or strategies?
A) get his or her audience interested in the speech
B) choose a clear organization and structure
C) get the audience to follow through on their commitment to the topic
D) build on what the audience already knows
Q:
"The isokinetic resistance mechanism used in most rehabilitative exercise equipment works on centripetal force, similar to the way the Gravitron carnival ride doesthe faster the motor or the patient moves, the faster the resistance mechanism spins, and the more resistance is created." What method of explanation is employed in this example?
A) elucidating
B) quasi-scientific
C) transformative
D) demonstrative
Q:
Which of the following types of speeches goes into depth by providing reasons or causes and demonstrating relationships?
A) explanatory speech
B) definition speech
C) demonstration speech
D) description speech
Q:
Which of the following definitions defines something by explaining what it is or what it does?
A) definition by etymology
B) definition by example
C) definition by negation
D) operational definition