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Question
What do you think are the distinctions among the terms "privacy," "confidentiality," and "privileged communication?"Answer
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Related questions
Q:
In regard to giving credit to contributors to research projects in published reports
a. a footnote is sufficient.
b. every person who contributed must be listed as a co-author.
c. the major professor of a dissertation study must be listed as first author.
d. appropriate credit must be given, but there are no firm rules.
e. individuals who were paid to assist do not have to be given any credit.
Q:
Concealing from individuals that they are being studied and deceiving individuals with false information during a study
a. are forbidden by codes of ethics.
b. are sensitive areas and researchers must take care to insure that participants are not harmed when such activities take place.
c. require that participants be paid.
d. could be used as a basis to revoke a counselor's license.
e. are activities that would never be undertaken by professional researchers because studies can always be completed without resorting to such negative tactics.
Q:
2.Do you believe a counselor should be allowed to refuse to provide counseling services to some
groups of people who request them? If so, which groups and in what circumstances?
Q:
It is ethically questionable for a university professor to
a. conduct a research project with a student.
b. supervise the research activities of a student.
c. require a student to participate in a research project.
d. co-present with a student at a professional conference.
e. write a letter of recommendation for a job for a student with whom he or she has conducted a research study.
Q:
A difference between consultation and counseling is that
a. consultation is a mandated activity, whereas counseling is usually sought voluntarily
b. consultants provide indirect services to clients, whereas counseling is a direct service
c. consultation involves a relationship among equals and does not involve a power differential
d. consultation focuses on work relationships, whereas counseling focuses on personal and interpersonal relationships
e. confidentiality is not an issue in consultation, while it is a primary concern in counseling
Q:
What are the differences among legal standards, ethical standards, and best practice?
Q:
Assuming that you are a moral and responsible person (as are most counselors), why do you think it is important for you to study ethical and legal principles and the decision-making process?
Q:
An agreement for clinical supervision between a supervisor and supervisee when the supervisee has an administrative supervisor at a work site should
a. ensure that the supervisee understands that the clinical supervisor is the one whose directives must be followed.
b. emphasize the co-equal status of the clinical and administrative supervisors.
c. state that the clinical supervisor defers to the authority of the administrative supervisor.
d. state that the counselor should contact the clinical supervisor if there is an emergency situation at work.
e. be worded in such a manner that the supervisee understands that the clinical supervisor is legally responsible for the counselors' activities during work hours.
Q:
How do relationships in counselor education, supervision, and training differ from clinical relationships?
a. they are easier because they are indirect.
b. they are tripartite.
c. they are complex.
d. they involve a university.
e. they have more equal power dynamics.
Q:
All of the following are fraudulent health care practices EXCEPT
a. continuing to see a client at risk of harming self for counseling free of charge after his or her health care benefits have run out.
b. providing family counseling services (which are not reimbursable) and reporting that individual counseling services are being provided (which are reimbursable).
c. waiving the co-payment when a co-payment is required.
d. billing for a missed session and indicating the client attended the session because missed sessions are not reimbursable.
e. reporting that an approved professional is providing direct services to a client when the services actually are being provided by a counselor who is not approved.
Q:
In the event a counselor has a client with a large bill for services that is several months late, the counselor should
a. sue the client.
b. threaten the client with a law suit if payment is not made.
c. report the client to the state licensure board.
d. forget the bill and take steps in the future to prevent these bills from developing.
e. pay a bill collector to collect the money due.
Q:
A "sliding scale" in counseling refers to
a. a chart that indicates the degree to which a client is functioning.
b. a system of rotation that determines when a counselor is "on call" for the weekend.
c. a fee structure based on the client's family income and family size.
d. a fee structure based on the net worth of the individual.
e. the degree to which a counselor is willing to render a diagnosis to meet the requirements of an insurance company or third party payer.
Q:
The potential benefits of diagnosis include all of the following, EXCEPT
a. accurate diagnosis can help counselors and clients predict the course of the disorder
b. it facilitates communication among treatment professionals
c. diagnosis can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy
d. it can help counselors identify a client's medical condition so that the client can be referred to a physician
e. it can assist counselors to develop effective treatment plans
Q:
According to the text, counselors often are uncomfortable with diagnosing mental disorders because
a. they would prefer to avoid dealing with managed care companies.
b. they are concerned that doctorate-holding psychologists will challenge the accuracy of their diagnoses.
c. the diagnostic system is grounded in the medical model, as opposed to the wellness model.
d. they do not believe they are qualified to diagnose mental disorders.
e. it is difficult to accurately explain a diagnosis to a client.
Q:
During the time that a counseling student is counseling clients in a practicum or internship setting, the student counselor
a. should not reveal the names of clients to the practicum/internship supervisor
b. has the same ethical obligations to uphold confidentiality as does a licensed counselor
c. should refer all clients who engage in risky behaviors
d. should maintain absolute confidentiality of participants in groups the student is facilitating
e. should not videotape counseling sessions so that client confidentiality is protected
Q:
Counselors do NOT have an ethical obligation to uphold the confidentiality of information revealed to them when
a. a family member of an adult client asks for information the client has revealed in an individual counseling session
b. a client reveals that he committed a burglary two years ago and was never caught
c. they encounter a client in the grocery store and the client reveals information about an event that occurred in the client's life between sessions
d. a client has refused to sign a release of information giving the counselor permission to communicat with the client's former counselor
e. an adult client discloses that she was sexually abused ten years ago by her father who is now deceased
Q:
When uncertain about the privileged status of information requested for disclosure through a subpoena, a counselor should consult with
a. the client whose information is being requested.
b. other mental health professionals.
c. another licensed counselor.
d. an attorney who represents the counselor or his or her employer.
e. the attorney who sent the subpoena.
Q:
Because most counselors come from a middle class background, they
a. tend to be aware of their class biases.
b. realize that some clients do not speak English well because of limited education or immigrant status.
c. find it difficult to hear class conditioning when listening to some clients' stories.
d. should emphasize the importance of education when counseling clients from low socio-economic backgrounds.
e. should focus on personal relationships and rapport building when counseling low SES clients.
Q:
If a Southeast Asian client refuses to seek police assistance when he or she has been the victim of a crime, the counselor should
a. become an advocate and contact the police for the client.
b. insist that the client seek police assistance despite his or her reluctance.
c. explain to the client that police help people in the United States.
d. understand that the client may have negative feelings toward police because of police oppression in his or her native country.
e. contact a family member and tell the family member that it is very important that the police are notified of the crime so that others can be protected.
Q:
Multicultural considerations were not given extensive attention in the ACA Code of Ethics until
a. the first version adopted in 1961.
b. the second version adopted in 1974.
c. the third version adopted in 1981.
d. the fourth version adopted in 1988.
e. the fifth version adopted in 1995.
Q:
The most important resource for counselors to use in learning about different racial, cultural, or ethnic groups is
a. their clients.
b. their colleagues who are from racial, cultural, or ethnic groups different from their own.
c. professional associations that focus on multicultural counseling issues.
d. books on multicultural counseling.
e. professional journal articles on multicultural counseling.
Q:
When counseling a client from a racial, ethnic, or cultural group different from the counselor's, it is important for the counselor to remember that
a. basically, all people are alike although they may look different.
b. although certain groups share similar traits or beliefs, each individual is unique and may not be like most others from his or her group.
c. since certain groups share similar traits or beliefs, the counselor should begin by assuming that this particular person is like most others.
d. stereotyping is often useful in understanding differences.
e. the counselor should demonstrate that she or he understands the client by using words or phrases associated with the client's racial, ethnic, or cultural group.
Q:
When attempting to make an ethical decision, it is recommended that counselors take all of the following steps EXCEPT
a. tune into their feelings.
b. involve the client in the decision making process.
c. consider the moral principles.
d. consult with an attorney.
e. identify desired outcomes.
Q:
If a formal ethics complaint is filed against you, you should NOTa. respond fully and in writing to each of the charges made.b. contact the client who filed the complaint to see if you can work things out.c. consult with an attorney.d. submit as much documentation as you can that will help the ethics committee in its deliberations.e. contact your professional liability insurance carrier.
Q:
How can a counselor determine whether an adolescent client's risk-taking behaviors present a sufficiently serious risk for harm to warrant breaching the client's confidentiality?
Q:
Students can ensure that they do not commit plagiarism by
a. using exact quotes from their sources rather than paraphrasing
b. using a website such as turnitincom to check their work before submitting it to the professor
c. putting everything into their own words so they don"t have to cite sources
d. rearranging the order of the words in a sentence written by a source that is being used
e. using only sources that anyone can find on the Internet
Q:
When a student and a professor co-author an article for publication in a professional journal
a. the student should be listed as the second author, after the professor
b. the student and professor should decide on the order of authorship credit before they begin working on the project
c. the professor should do most of the work because the professor has more experience with publishing
d. the professor should be listed as the first author, with the student second
e. the one who contributed the most to producing the article should the first-listed author
Q:
What are some of the primary benefits and problems that technology has brought to the counseling process?
Q:
Researchers are ethically obligated to
a. compensate the participants in their research, either monetarily or by an acknowledgment
b. attempt to publish their results
c. offer feedback to the participants in the study
d. enlist the help of a statistician to interpret the results
e. destroy all records that might identify participants as soon as the study is completed
Q:
The ACA Code of Ethics requires counselors to explain to clients, before testing takes place, all of the following EXCEPT
a. that clients may ask questions while they are taking the test if any items are confusing to them.
b. the nature and purposes of the tests.
c. whether test results will be used as a screening tool for membership in a counseling group.
d. what conditions produce the best test results.
e. that they will receive feedback about the test results.