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Question
When assessing evolutionary relationships, one approach is to focus on derived (modified) characteristics. What is this approach called?a. taxonomy
b. phylogeny
c. classification
d. cladistics
e. homoplasy
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
By far the largest collection of Homo erectus remains have been found at
a. Sangiran
b. Zhoukoudian
c. Olduvai
d. Trinil
e. Lantian
Q:
The cranial remains from Dmanisi are characteristic of all of the following except
a. are easily distinguishable from modern Homo sapiens
b. bear some similarities to early Homo specimens from East Africa
c. bear similarities to australopithecus specimens
d. have very small cranial capacities
e. are different from other hominins outside Africa
Q:
The Dmanisi site is notable for which of the following
a. Being in North Africa
b. Producing crania remains that are uncharacteristic of H. erectus
c. The crania have relatively large cranial capacities
d. One complete cranium is of an older adult with jawbones that show advance bone loss
e. Crania are not associated with stone tools
Q:
Homo erectus appeared in East Africa between ___ million years ago.
a. 1.7 and 1.5
b. 2.5 and 2.3
c. 6.0 and 4.0
d. 3 and 1.0
e. 2.0 and 1.8
Q:
Two forms of evidence help to confirm the hypothesis that H. erectus evolved in Africa. First, all of the earlier hominins come from Africa. Second,
a. well-preserved postcranial elements are scarce at some H. erectus sites.
b. the adult height of the Nariokotome youth would have been about 6 feet.
c. by 1.7 mya there are well-dated fossils of H. erectus at East Turkana, in Kenya, and not long after at other sites in East Africa.
d. postcranial bones look very similar to modern humans.
e. growth pattern of Nariokotome would have been similar to that of modern humans.
Q:
Which of the following statements is false?
a. Several definite Homo erectus fossils have been discovered in France.
b. Earlier Homo erectus populations had a smaller cranial capacity than later populations.
c. Thick cranial and postcranial bones characterize mostHomo erectus specimens.
d. Homo erectus appears to have been less encephalized than Homo sapiens.
e. Homo erectus was most likely the first hominid to live outside of Africa.
Q:
Homo erectus represents a different kind of hominin than the more ancient African predecessors. One of the reasons is
a. H. erectus is a step towards being more ape-like
b. An increased body size and robustness
c. Less encephalization
d. Less variation among different regional populations
e. Less like modern humans
Q:
The A. afarensis hand, wrist, and foot bones are indistinguishable from those of modern humans.
Q:
All researchers agree that Sahelanthropus is a definite hominin.
Q:
Habitual bipedalism is the only form of hominin terrestrial locomotion.
Q:
The first Homo habilis fossils were found during the 1960's in
a. Olduvai Gorge
b. Tugen Hills
c. Toros Menalla
d. Sterkfontein
e. South Africa
Q:
Recently discovered remains from the Tugen Hills, dated to about 6 million years ago have been placed in which genus?
a. Sahelanthropu
b. Australopithecus
c. Paranthropus
d. Ardipithecus
e. Orrorin
Q:
Sahelanthropus has an unusual combination of characteristics, including
a. a small braincase, huge browridges, small vertical face, and lack of shearing canine/premolar arrangement
b. a large braincase and huge browridges
c. a small braincase and small muscle attachments in the rear of the cranium
d. a small vertical face and small browridges
e. a large vertical face and small browridges
Q:
Radiometric dating techniques
a. are not based on the phenomenon of radioactive isotope decay rates
b. can be used to determine the absolute age of organic materials
c. include the K/Ar but not carbon-14 methods
d. are a form of stratigraphy
e. are relative dating techniques
Q:
If an isotope has a half-life of 4 billion years, then in 4 billion years what will happen?
a. All of the original amount will have decayed.
b. A quarter of the original amount will still remain.
c. Half of the original amount will still be present.
d. All of the original amount will still be present.
e. The original amount will have doubled.
Q:
_______ is a radiometric dating method popular with archaeologists that can be used to date materials up to 75,000 years old.
a. Carbon-14
b. Paleomagnetism
c. Thermoluminesence
d. K/Ar
e. Biostratigraphy
Q:
_______ make the best samples for the K/Ar dating method.
a. Bones
b. Stone tools
c. Ostrich shells
d. Teeth
e. Volcanic rocks
Q:
Which of the following is not a chromometric dating method?
a. C-14
b. K-Ar
c. Fluorine dating
d. Thermoluminescence
e. stratigraphy
Q:
Thermoluminescence can be used on which of the following?
a. Heated materials such as burned flint
b. fossilized plants
c. bone
d. sedimentary layers of dirt
e. petrified wood
Q:
The current evidence indicates that hominins possessed all the major structural changes necessary for bipedalism by
a. 4 million years ago
b. 5 to 7 million years ago
c. 8 to 10 million years ago
d. 3 to 4 million years ago
Q:
Adaptive advantages of bipedalism include the following except
a. freeing the hands for making and using tools
b. early predator detection
c. more efficient way of covering long distances
d. further refinements to capabilities used for swimming
e. freeing the hands for carrying objects
Q:
The earliest hominin traces
a. date to the beginning of the Miocene
b. are primarily full skeletons
c. are primarily dental and cranial pieces
d. date to the Eocene
e. are merely shattered bones impossible to identify
Q:
The Miocene hominoids
a. were distributed over much of the New World
b. were all members of the same species
c. displayed little to no morphological variation
d. were all about the size of a house cat
e. evidenced the "golden age of hominoids"
Q:
Where have Miocene hominoid fossils been found?
a. North America
b. Australia
c. Mexico
d. South America
e. Africa, Europe, and Asia
Q:
Before the AIDS epidemic in Africa, Botswanans had a life expectancy of 65 years. At the height of the epidemic it was about ______ years.
a. 15
b. 40
c. 60
d. 75
e. 85
Q:
What is the term for the period following the last menstrual cycle in human women?
a. menarche
b. menopause
c. adrenarche
d. egg-pause
e. cyclopause
Q:
Human milk, like that of other primates, is
a. high in fats
b. high in nutrients
c. low in antibodies
d. low in fats
e. low in supply, hence frequent nursing is required
Q:
The most interesting fact about human skin color is that there appears to be no adaptive significance whatsoever to population-level variations in skin color.
Q:
Bergmann's rule
a. states that a linear body with long arms and legs is optimal for cold climates
b. concerns the relationship between climate and shape and size of appendages
c. states that bodies with increased mass or volume to surface area are optimal for cold climates
d. is based upon the principle that as arms increase in length, there is a corresponding increase in surface area
e. is based on the principle that heat is retained at the body surface
Q:
Mechanisms for radiating body heat include which of the following?
a. increased production of red blood cells
b. vasodilation
c. vasoconstriction
d. increased activity levels
e. increased metabolic rate