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Question
When the movie rating system began in the late 1960s, the G, PG, PG-13, R, X, and NC-17 ratings were all developed at that time and put immediately into place.Answer
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Related questions
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Which of the following is the reason Viacom (owner of MTV, Comedy Central, andNickelodeon) sued Google and YouTube for a billion dollars?A. YouTube wouldn"t allow users to post videos from Viacom stations. B. Viacom wanted to pressure Google into a merger.C. The visual quality of videos on YouTube was below Viacom's standards.D. Viacom felt that YouTube and Google weren"t doing enough to stop users from uploading Viacom's copyrighted content.E. YouTube wasn"t playing enough Viacom content to allow its shows to be cross-promoted.
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When a media business relies on indirect payments for most of its revenue, consumers tend to A. become commodities to be "sold" to advertisers, who are the real clientsB. become completely unimportantC. have the ability to communicate their preferences immediatelyD. have the power to determine the type of advertising usedE. None of the above options is correct.
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Former CBS broadcast chief William Paley once argued that anyone who attacked the commercial broadcast system was attacking democracy itself.
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Most media monopolies today operate at the local, not the global, level.
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Synergy typically refers to the promotion and sale of different versions of a media product across the various subsidiaries of a media conglomerate.
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Most media companies spread out their holdings among various types of mass media rather than trying to control one medium, to avoid monopoly charges.
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The television network ABC is owned by Disney.
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A public relations firm looking to make full use of the Internet can .A. encourage clients to use social media tools like Facebook and Twitter to interact with audiencesB. edit Wikipedia entries for its client's benefitC. hire apparently independent bloggers to promote productsD. create a blog where corporate executives can report company news and share their own observationsE. All of the options are correct.
Q:
Why did the Federal Trade Commission set new rules about PR blogging in 2009?
A. It was concerned about the use of sexually explicit images.
B. It was worried about company representatives altering Wikipedia entries.
C. It was concerned about "mom bloggers'" offering advice about consumer products while secretly getting money and gifts from the companies they reviewed.
D. It didn"t like the fact that some companies had Facebook pages.
E. It was concerned that some politicians were using social media like Twitter to seem more warm and friendly when they were really cold and distant.
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What did the California Center for Public Health Advocacy hire a PR firm to help them do?A. To help pass legislation banning soda and junk food from public schools B. To help pass legislation banning smoking in restaurantsC. To help pass legislation requiring thirty minutes of exercise a dayD. To help pass legislation banning the sale of foie grasE. None of the options is correct.
Q:
A pseudo-event is .A. an unexpected and unplanned eventB. an exclusive gathering for society's most fashionable peopleC. any activity held for the sole purpose of getting media coverageD. any illegal fund-raising circumstanceE. any political event that occurred during the Cold War
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Usually, the more closely a press release resembles , the more likely it is to be used.A. actual news copyB. a VNRC. other press releasesD. a PSAE. a pseudo-event
Q:
Journalists like Walter Lippmann worried that .A. they would lose their jobs to slick and savvy PR professionalsB. PR professionals lacked the professional detachment of journalists and held too much power over American public opinionC. PR professionals would obstruct journalists' access to people in power, like politicians and company presidentsD. PR professionals were laughing at the "poor journalists'"E. All of the options are correct.
Q:
Ivy Ledbetter Lee believed that facts .A. should not be manipulated or interpreted in any wayB. should be avoided at all costs and it was better to deceive the publicC. were elusive and malleable, begging to be forged and shapedD. were completely uninteresting to a public that just wanted to be entertainedE. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
Former president Richard Nixon used PR techniques to restore his tarnished image after he left the White House.
Q:
It is illegal for most companies and organizations to engage in lobbying.
Q:
The most common type of public relations is done in-house by individual companies and organizations.
Q:
Which statement about copyright law is true?
A. Copyright covers a creative work for only seven years after it is produced.
B. Companies like Disney are huge supporters of getting their material into the public domain.
C. Corporate owners spend lots of money getting Congress to shorten the length of copyright protections.
D. The original idea behind American copyright law was that authors would have a
financial incentive to create original works, and after fourteen years others would be able to safely use it to create derivative works.
E. Copyright laws have remained virtually unchanged since they were written in the eighteenth century, being adapted without debate to new media.
Q:
At the end of the copyright period, a creative work such as a book or song becomes .A. more valuable to the person or company that owns the copyrightB. protected from use by anyone other than the author or creatorC. available for public use with the payment of a royalty feeD. available for public use free of chargeE. a target for online piracy
Q:
In the Progressive magazine case, a federal district court took a course of action based on concern that the magazine would publish .A. information on how an H-bomb worksB. a story that defamed the presidentC. obscene materialD. a story that endorsed drug useE. copyrighted material
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In 1971, President Richard Nixon's administration tried to block publication of .A. reports on weapons of mass destructionB. reports of government overspendingC. instructions on how to make an H-bombD. the Progressive magazineE. a study of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam war
Q:
Which statement about the Sedition Act of 1798 is true?A. It was passed to silence editorials encouraging the country to take part in a pending war. B. It was used to prosecute newspapers that criticized the political party that controlled thepresidency and Congress.C. It was renewed over and over again by several presidents after Adams.D. No U.S. governments after 1801 again tried to limit dissent about a war by passing a law making it a crime.E. Its excesses actually helped bolster public support for taking rights away from a free press.
Q:
Which of the following statements about the Sedition Act of 1798 is not true?
A. It aimed to silence opposition to a possible war with France.
B. It led to a public backlash that ultimately supported greater protection of a free press.
C. It was passed by a political party in power to undermine efforts by an opposing political party.
D. It was supported and reinforced by President Thomas Jefferson when he later took office.
E. It was originally passed by Congress and signed into law by President John Adams.
Q:
Prior restraint means .A. that courts and governments can block the press from publishing any article they deem inflammatory or controversialB. that courts and governments cannot block any publication or speech before it occursC. that courts and governments have the right to review every article before it is publishedD. that courts and governments can give the news media rules on what they can and cannot publishE. None of the options is correct.
Q:
According to the 1934 Communications Act, broadcast stations must provide equal opportunities and response time for qualified political candidates.
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Reporters need to be careful about printing accusations made by attorneys in a court of law in case a suspect is later found "not guilty."
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Students who quote and cite a copyrighted source in a term paper for class are technically violating the law.
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In what way did Habermas think mass media could be an enemy of democracy?A. Media power could be used to increase consumerism.B. The powerful could use the media to manipulate the public into supporting the status quo.C. The media could be used to procure mass loyalty among the populace.D. Citizens would not engage in critical examination of the power held by those who ruled. E. All of the options are correct.
Q:
When mass media researchers say they are studying political economy, that means they are most likely be looking at which of the following?
A. The ways political candidates make decisions about reaching an audience
B. The ways economists become political candidates
C. The way ownership of a television network influences the kinds of information in the network news
D. The way ordinary people engage in political activism or conversations about politics
E. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
is the theory that people believe others are more affected by media messages than they are themselves.A. Cultivation effectB. Agenda-settingC. Third-person effectD. Textual analysisE. Spiral of silence