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Q: Cleavage is related to the internal structure of a mineral.

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Q: A minerals luster is produced by its ability to transmit light. Opaque minerals always have a metallic luster because they do not transmit any light.

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Q: Mineral luster is broadly classified as either being metallic or opaque.

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Q: Chemical compounds retain most of the characteristics of their constituent elements.

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Q: Atoms are too small to be seen with an optical microscope.

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Q: An atom with 30 protons always has 30 neutrons and 30 electrons.

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Q: A mineral can be composed entirely of one element.

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Q: Which of the following is a renewable resource? A) coal B) ice C) helium gas D) rock salt

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Q: A naturally occurring concentration of one or more metallic minerals that can be extracted economically is a(n) ________. A) reserve B) ore C) resource D) tailing

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Q: What does the tendency of micas to produce thin cleavage flakes suggest about its crystal structure? A) The crystal structure is characterized by complex polymerized mats that form a sheetlike structure. B) The structure is characterized by rings that form an interlocking network, forming planar sheets. C) The structure is produced by flow in the igneous rock, aligning glass layers within the crystal structure. D) The atoms are arranged in orderly arrangements that form strongly bonded sheets separated by weak bonds between the sheets.

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Q: Use the Periodic table below to answer the following questions: When electrons are shared amongst all atoms, the resulting bond is a(n) ________ bond. A) covalent B) ionic C) partial D) metallic

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Q: Use the Periodic table below to answer the following questions: Element 20, Ca, has what chemical property? A) It behaves as a metal ion, giving up two electrons to form a +2 ion. B) It tends to form covalent bonds and an ion with a charge of +1. C) It behaves as a nonmetal, accepting electrons to form an ion with charge -2. D) It tends to be inert, and thus is dispersed throughout the crust.

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Q: Which electrons are responsible for most chemical bonding? A) outer electron shell because these electrons can be readily exchanged with adjacent atoms B) innermost electron shell because the electrons can be transferred to the nucleus C) middle electron shell because they are intermediate in distance between the nucleus and the adjacent atom that bonds with the atom D) Any electron can exchange with adjacent atoms to form a bond; there is no preference.

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Q: What is the relationship of the dense oceanic crust that is produced at a divergent plate boundary to the convergence or collision of an oceanic plate and a continental plate, such as the western margin of South America in the diagram below?

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Q: Internally, the earth consists of spherical shells with different compositions and densities.

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Q: Oceans cover slightly less than half of the earth's surface.

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Q: The formation of the solar system from a huge cloud of gases and dispersed particles is known as the solar galactic hypothesis.

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Q: Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.mountain belt shield continental interior stable platform

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Q: Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.protosun Oort cloud planetesimals meteorites

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Q: Which of the following is not a system? A) the biosphere B) soil, plants, rock, soil organisms, and animals C) the study of minerals D) the Pacific Ocean and the west coast of North America

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Q: What is the source of the energy that powers the Earth system? A) the Sun B) heat from Earth's interior C) both A and B D) none of the above

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Q: Mechanisms that enhance or drive change are known as ________. A) negative feedback mechanisms B) positive feedback mechanisms C) closed feedback mechanisms D) open feedback mechanisms

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Q: The most prominent features on the ocean floor are the ________. A) deep-ocean trenches B) oceanic ridges C) seamounts D) lava plateaus

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Q: Shield areas in continental interiors are characterized by ________. A) linear chains of mountains less than 100 million years old B) flat areas that include rocks older than 1 billion years old C) flat river valleys that cut through older mountain ranges D) ancient coastal regions that have become abandoned and eroded

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Q: Flat, stable areas of continental crust tend to be located ________. A) along coastlines B) near desert regions C) in the interior of continents D) in areas that receive large amounts of rainfall

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Q: A major cause of the differences in elevation between ocean basins and continents is ________. A) viscosity B) temperature C) density D) mass

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Q: The Andes Mountains in South America are formed by ________. A) subduction B) sea floor spreading C) back-arc contraction D) continental collision

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Q: Which of the following layers in the earth has the highest density? A) Lithosphere B) Asthenosphere C) Lower mantle D) Outer Core

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Q: Oceanic crust is generated at ________. A) hot spots on the sea floor, like Iceland B) spreading ridges C) convergent plate margins D) transform plate margins

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Q: Convergent plate boundaries are ________. A) sites where cold, downgoing convective cells, the plates, descent into the mantle B) sites where heat from the earth's interior is vented to the surface as volcanos C) areas where two plates slide laterally past one another, generating earthquakes, like the San Andrea fault D) sites of supervolcanos like Yellowstone

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