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Question
Which of the following examples illustrates the weakness of act utilitarianism?
a) Firm A refrains from accepting bribes even if that decreases its aggregate utility.
b) Firm A takes Firm Bs practice of offering bribes as a given and offers a matching bribe because that increases its aggregate utility.
c) Firm B believes that offering a bribe is ethical because it boosts competition.
d) Firms A and B consider bribery ethical in situations where a rational observer would understand the reason for the action.
Answer
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