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Question
Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of the citizen soldier portrait?
a. The police and the criminal justice system are downplayed and often disparaged
b. Traditional criminal justice components become part of the crime problem either through corruption or ineptitude
c. The civilian is successful where law enforcers are not
d. All of the above are characteristics of the citizen soldier portrait
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
The future of crime-and-justice reality provides for differing scenarios. The scenario that portrays the commercial media as operating under heavy restrictions, with tight constraints on their ability to cover, comment on, and portray crime-and-justice issues and cases is known as ___________________.
a. Surveillance
b. Interactivity
c. The crime and justice spectacle
d. None of the above
Q:
Which type of media-driving force comes into play in a wide-scale social acceptance of the media-generated predator criminal icon, which entertains and comforts us?
a. organizational
b. commercial
c. cultural
d. individual
Q:
The forces which drive the media and continue the disparity between media-constructed reality of crime and the real world reality of crime and justice include all of the following EXCEPT ___________________.
a. organizational
b. commercial
c. cultural
d. individual
Q:
Offenders and predators are the only ones to have tapped the potential of new media.
Q:
The fate of trial fairness in a new media saturated courtroom currently rests upon the effectiveness of which of the following?
a. Jury selection
b. Jury instructions
c. Jury use of new media
d. None of the above
Q:
Which of the following is NOT difference between legacy and new media?
a. Access to content
b. Distribution of content
c. Creation of content
d. Quality of content
Q:
Judicial applications of new medias capabilities revolve around court administration issues.
Q:
The predictability of the medias effect on criminal justice policy makes it easy to determine the direction and magnitude of influence.
Q:
The medias construction of the criminal justice system appears to lead the public to evaluate the overall system as fair.
Q:
Unexpected effects arise from the novel manner in which the media related to criminal justice policy. One such effect refers to the tendency for officials to treat defendants in unpublicized cases harshly if the press has been demanding such treatment for defendants in publicized cases. This is called the ________________.
a. Anticipatory effect
b. Echo effect
c. Counterproductive effect
d. Reflection effect
Q:
The media-criminal justice policy model that predicts that the medias coverage of an external event and the event may both influence criminal justice policy is called _______________________.
a. No media influence external even
b. Simultaneous media influence external event
c. Direct media influence
d. None of the above
Q:
The most relevant crime-and-justice attitude that has been linked to the media is fear of criminal victimization. Fear-of-crime levels are socially important because _______________.
a. they encourage support for punitive criminal justice policies
b. they increase crime
c. they increase incivility
d. the affect police strategies
Q:
Research indicates that media effects ______________________.
a. Appear to increase with exposure
b. Are more significant the less direct experience people have with an issue
c. Are more significant for newer, concrete issues than for older abstract ones
d. All of the above
Q:
When a correlation is looked for between media attention on a social issue and public concern, what kind of relationship is found?
a. none
b. weak to moderate
c. moderate to strong
d. strong
Q:
More than one hundred years ago, the medias ecological image of crime was populated by which of the following images?
a. Wolves, sheep, and sheepdogs
b. Wolves, chickens, and hunters
c. Wolves, lambs, and shepherd dogs
d. Bears, cows, and border collies
Q:
The media appear best able to deter offenders involved in victimless crimes by increasing their fear of punishment, rather than increasing their fear of health and social consequences.
Q:
The development and widespread acceptance of videotaped evidence and testimony by police personnel began in the _______.
a. 1960s
b. 1970s
c. 1980s
d. 1990s
Q:
Media technology in the courtrooms will result in a criminal justice system that will become a more __________________.
a. Closed system
b. Natural system
c. Open system
d. Rational system
Q:
Using media technology in the courts has several advantages, which include all EXCEPT which one of the following?
a. Saves time and money
b. Digital manipulation tools can be used to crop, retouch, and edit images
c. Judges and attorneys can now be in a courtroom, defendant in a jail, and witnesses in another state, all simultaneously participating in a live hearing
d. The knowledge that a permanent record is being created makes law enforcement and judicial personnel more conscientious in following due process rules
Q:
Antidrug media campaigns have a historical tie to which one of the following?
a. Cocaine madness
b. LSD madness
c. Reefer madness
d. Methamphetamine madness
Q:
Mass media developed in the 1970s with the expectation of positive social effects. As a result, crime reduction messages were created with all of the following messages EXCEPT _________.
a. Law enforcement financing ads
b. Victimization reduction ads
c. Citizen cooperation ads
d. Offender reduction (deterrence) ads
Q:
Despite negative portrayals of corrections in the media, there is no concern of the general public losing confidence in the ability of the corrections institution in deterring, rehabilitating, or retaining criminals.
Q:
If correctional institutions are constructed as understaffed, underfunded places where humane correctional officers are trying to supervise large numbers of offenders, some of whom are redeemable, then public monies for these institutions and their programs will make more sense.
Q:
As with law enforcement and court news stories, corrections news does not focus on policy questions.
Q:
Corrections fares well in the news because news media journalists traditionally have access to numerous corrections sources.
Q:
Corrections institutions have contributed to their poor image.
Q:
How often are correctional personnel quoted in news stories?
a. 1 percent of the total
b. 5 percent of the total
c. 10 percent of the total
d. 12 percent of the total
Q:
Most of the general public has what kind of knowledge about correctional institutions?
a. Most of the general public has experienced knowledge
b. Most of the general public has conversational knowledge
c. Most of the general public has neither experienced or conversational knowledge
d. Most of the general public has both experienced and conversational knowledge
Q:
A defendants personality and character helps to establish factual information about them in regards to their innocence or guilt.
Q:
Reality police shows accurately represent police work.