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Question
Which of the following is or are true of a placebo?
a) Placebos are used in randomized clinical trials.
b) Placebos contain the currently most effective treatment for a condition.
c) Participants who receive a placebo during a trial know that they are receiving a placebo.
d) all of these choices
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
A persons autonomy can be violated when this person does which of the following?
a. This person acts to avoid a threatened penalty.
b. This person acts under the influence of factors that impair her judgement.
c. This person acts under a misapprehension of the situation.
d. all of these choices
Q:
A hedonistic utilitarian is only concerned with the satisfaction of preferences.
True
False
Q:
The right to life is absolute.
True
False
Q:
Who would hold that public money spent on the allocation of medical resources could be spent unequally, provided that this inequality worked to the benefit of the least well-off?
a) Ross
b) Rawls
c) Kant
d) Nussbaum
Q:
Which principle is also called the greatest happiness principle?
a) The principle of utility
b) The principle of double effect
c) The pleasure principle
d) The paternalist principle
Q:
In some African cultures competent patients can delegate their informed consent to which of the following?
a) Community leaders
b) Parents
c) Siblings
d) All of these choices
Q:
What medical specialties are paid the least?
a) Dermatologists and infectious disease specialists.
b) Dermatologists and family medicine specialists.
c) Infectious disease and family medicine specialists.
d) Cardiologists and family medicine specialists.
Q:
Who developed the example of the drowning baby in the wading pool?
a) Singer
b) Mill
c) Rawls
d) Ross
Q:
The term for a bioethical responsibility that stretches beyond the ties of kinship or shared citizenship is
a) cosmopolitan.
b) diverse.
c) totalitarian.
d) contractarian.
Q:
Climate change is having a significant effect on human health as a result of which of the following factors?
a) heat
b) drought
c) extreme weather patterns
d) all of these choices
Q:
On the social model of disability what constitutes a handicap?
a) An atypical or abnormal feature of the body or brain
b) A specific incapacity
c) The social disadvantages faced by persons who are physically unusual
d) All of these choices
Q:
The reason for which few scientists advocate abandoning the use of racial terminology in research and clinical practice is which of the following?
a) Most diseases have a genetic component that is race-linked.
b) Categories of race have a profound impact on peoples lives and health.
c) African Americans have been systematically discriminated against and this situation needs to be addressed by leaving out the use of racial terminology.
d) All of these choices.
Q:
Richard Coopers research on hypertension rates suggests which of the following?
a) Race should be used as a medical proxy.
b) Hypertension rates are genetically based.
c) The racial gap in rates of hypertension in the United States is the result of environmental factors.
d) All of these choices
Q:
A society that embraces diverse ways of being and living is often called
a) egalitarian.
b) free.
c) pluralistic.
d) equalitarian.
Q:
What do Hall and Lord believe the Affordable Care Act's central achievement has been?
a) They believe that the Affordable Care Act's central achievement has been to ration reimbursement for care.
b) They believe that the Affordable Care Act's central achievement has been to eliminate policies and costs that had rendered millions of Americans uninsurable.
c) They believe that the Affordable Care Act's central achievement has been to tell physicians how to practice medicine.
d) They believe that the Affordable Care Act's central achievement has been to render the insurance industry unprofitable.
Q:
The Affordable Care Act has established
a) pandemic insurability.
b) universal insurability.
c) selective insurability.
d) regressive insurability.
Q:
What is the free rider problem in healthcare?
a) The poor do not pay for their healthcare, but instead rely on the requirement that hospitals stabilize everyone who comes to an emergency room with a medical problem.
b) The poor use emergency rooms as their primary care providers, and that is more costly than other ways of securing medical care.
c) Hospitals are not allowed to charge people below the poverty line for ambulance services, so these are overused.
d) Young people do not get insurance until later in life when they are more likely to get sick or injured, and take advantage of the premiums paid by others who have been in the system all along.
Q:
Which policy or organ procurement is based on the view that the donor has tacitly consented to donate an organ?
a) presumed consent
b) altruistic donation
c) organ markets
d) mandated choice
Q:
Rachels argues that
a) killing and letting die are morally distinct.
b) killing is always morally worse than letting die.
c) letting die is always morally worse than killing.
d) the moral significance of the distinction between killing and letting die should be challenged.
Q:
The principle of double effect makes it morally acceptable to
a) euthanize patients who request it, provided that the procedure is done with the consent of two physicians.
b) euthanize patients who request it, provided that the procedure is handled by two physicians, each of whom administers a less than lethal dose of medication.
c) give medication to relieve pain, even if this could be foreseen to lead to death.
d) give medication to relieve pain with the double intent of causing death.
Q:
Which of the following characterizes a person in a persistent vegetative state?
a) the cerebral hemispheres are damaged or dysfunctional
b) she/he is able to breathe and excrete on their own
c) her/his eyelids may blink and the eyes may move but only reflexively
d) all of these choices
Q:
Who argues that infants are not persons?
a) Liao
b) Robertson
c) Sheehan
d) Tooley
Q:
Which moral view would deny that a lack of rational autonomy justifies depriving impaired infants of a chance to claim life, bodily integrity, and social affiliation?
a) Utilitarianism
b) Rawlss theory
c) Natural law
d) The capabilities approach
Q:
What problem does J. J. Thomson set aside?
a) The problem of fetal personhood
b) The problem of partial birth abortion
c) The problem of unintended consequences
d) The problem that there is no constitutional right to privacy
Q:
When did the U.S. Supreme Court issue its Roe v. Wade decision decriminalizing abortion?
a) 1973
b) 1962
c) 1984
d) 1959
Q:
Which of the following terms describes an elimination procedure used in cases where there are multiple fetuses and some of the fetuses are destroyed and removed with the intent of increasing the chances that the remaining fetuses will develop into healthy babies?
a) selective reduction
b) constructive abortion
c) genetic abortion
d) in vitro fertilization
Q:
The Catholic Church would approve of using which of the following in research?
a) adult stem cells
b) embryonic stem cells
c) both of these sources
d) no sources at all
Q:
The aim of decreasing the number of undesirable or harmful genes in the human population is called
a) positive eugenics
b) negative eugenics
c) the Human Genome Project
d) neutral eugenics
Q:
According to Roman Catholicism,
a) all fetal research is forbidden.
b) the fetus is a person.
c) research involving fetal tissue is prohibited.
d) research involving fetal remains is prohibited.
Q:
One problem with many medical trials going unpublished is that this situation could result in
a) false positive results.
b) false negative results.
c) selection bias.
d) the increased use of placebos.